β-N-Oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic Acid (β-ODAP) Content in Lathyrus sativus: The Integration of Nitrogen and Sulfur Metabolism through β-Cyanoalanine Synthase

Xu, Quanxi; Liu, Fengjuan; Chen, Peng; Jez, Joseph M.; Krishnan, Hari B.

doi:10.3390/ijms18030526

Cited by 48 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(148 reference statements)

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“…Multiple studies were performed to elucidate the β-ODAP mode of action for inducing lathyrism but were unsuccessful [ 18 ]. β-ODAP was also proposed to induce oxidative stress and excitotoxicity which results in motor neuron degeneration [ 18 , 116 ]. Intraperitoneal administration of isolated β-ODAP to chicks at the level of 20 mg/chick resulted in the development of neurological symptoms and persisted up to 12 h while a higher administered dose of 30–60 mg/chick led to the symptoms persisting for up to 24 h and even resulted in death [ 17 ].…”

Section: Rumen Microbial Detoxification Of Plant Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxin Degradation by Rumen Microorganisms: A Review

Loh

Ouwerkerk

Klieve

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Animal feeds may contain exogenous compounds that can induce toxicity when ruminants ingest them. These toxins are secondary metabolites originating from various sources including plants, bacteria, algae and fungi. Animal feed toxins are responsible for various animal poisonings which negatively impact the livestock industry. Poisoning is more frequently reported in newly exposed, naïve ruminants while ‘experienced’ ruminants are observed to better tolerate toxin-contaminated feed. Ruminants can possess detoxification ability through rumen microorganisms with the rumen microbiome able to adapt to utilise toxic secondary metabolites. The ability of rumen microorganisms to metabolise these toxins has been used as a basis for the development of preventative probiotics to confer resistance against the poisoning to naïve ruminants. In this review, detoxification of various toxins, which include plant toxins, cyanobacteria toxins and plant-associated fungal mycotoxins, by rumen microorganisms is discussed. The review will include clinical studies of the animal poisoning caused by these toxins, the toxin mechanism of action, toxin degradation by rumen microorganisms, reported and hypothesised detoxification mechanisms and identified toxin metabolites with their toxicity compared to their parent toxin. This review highlights the commercial potential of rumen inoculum derived probiotics as viable means of improving ruminant health and production.

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Section: Rumen Microbial Detoxification Of Plant Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxin Degradation by Rumen Microorganisms: A Review

Loh

Ouwerkerk

Klieve

et al. 2020

Toxins

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“…β-ODAP content in plant is related to environment and genotype. Also, β-ODAP was considered to play a role in drought tolerance and in resistance to oxidative stress (Xu et al, 2017). L. species that grows in India and Indonesia were found to contain high β-ODAP levels; while Syria, Cyprus and Turkey were reported to be at low levels (Abd El Moneim et al, 2001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Now, β-ODAP content is considered to pose no risk to health if L. sativus is consumed as part of a balanced diet combined with cereals. Moreover, β-ODAP content can be partially removed from seed by easy processing methods like cooking, fermentation, soaking in water (Vaz Patto and Rubiales, 2014;Xu et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Composition of Lathyrus L. Seeds: Antioxidant Activities, Phenolic Profiles, β-ODAP and Protein Contents

Yazici

Özmen

Yıldırım

et al. 2019

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Lathyrus taxa are used in different areas including nutritive, agricultural areas, and they are seen as the source of both protein and phenolics. Lathyrus taxa seeds contain a neurotoxic substance called β-N-oxalyl-l-β,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP) in different amounts. Lathyrus species grown in Turkey is reported to have low β-ODAP and high protein content. In this study, antioxidant activities, phenolic profiles, β-ODAP and protein contents of six Lathyrus taxa were investigated. Total phenolic content (TPC) in Lathyrus taxa used was ranging from 0.17±0.05 to 5.10±0.02. The antioxidant activities were observed in a wide interval that IC50 values were between 7.05±0.11 to 1.15±0.08 mg/mL. The highest TPC and antioxidant activity were recorded for L. clymenum. In HPLC analysis, gallic, p-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, chlorogenic acid and epicatechin in all of the extracts were determined. Also, β-ODAP and protein contents in seeds of the Lathyrus taxa were found between 0.20–1.18 mg/g and 22.66–29.74%, respectively. β-ODAP contents of investigated Layhyrus taxa were within the safe consumption range in terms of health (plessthan2.00 mg/g). The investigated Lathyrus taxa were found to be excellent protein sources with low β-ODAP content and contain natural antioxidants. As a result, this study has provided important data for wild Lathyrus taxa to be used as a cheap protein source and functional food for promoting health.

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“…A second phase (1974-1990s) involved the development of improved varieties with low β-ODAP content. Evaluation of grass pea collections worldwide has revealed a considerable variation in β-ODAP content of the seeds, ranging from 0.02 to 2.59% (Kumar et al 2011), but no β-ODAP-free plants have ever been identified in either germplasm or wild species (Emmrich 2017;Xu et al 2017). Whereas the highest β-ODAP concentrations are measured in some of the Indian germplasm (Nagarajan and Gopalan 1968), the lowest level of β-ODAP (0.02%) has been reported in Australian germplasm from ICARDA (Hanbury et al 1999).…”

Section: Variety Amelioration Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.): orphan crop, nutraceutical or just plain food?

Lambein

Travella

Kuo

et al. 2019

Planta

122

106

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Main conclusion Although grass pea is an environmentally successful robust legume with major traits of interest for food and nutrition security, the genetic potential of this orphan crop has long been neglected. Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is a Neolithic plant that has survived millennia of cultivation and has spread over three continents. It is a robust legume crop that is considered one of the most resilient to climate changes and to be survival food during drought-triggered famines. The hardy penetrating root system allows the cultivation of grass pea in various soil types, including marginal ones. As an efficient nitrogen fixer, it meets its own nitrogen requirements and positively benefits subsequent crops. However, already in ancient India and Greece, overconsumption of the seeds and a crippling neurological disorder, later coined neurolathyrism, had been linked. Overemphasis of their suspected toxic properties has led to disregard the plant's exceptionally positive agronomic properties and dietary advantages. In normal socioeconomic and environmental situations, in which grass pea is part of a balanced diet, neurolathyrism is virtually non-existent. The etiology of neurolathyrism has been oversimplified and the deficiency in methionine in the diet has been overlooked. In view of the global climate change, this very adaptable and nutritious orphan crop deserves more attention. Grass pea can become a wonder crop if the double stigma on its reputation as a toxic plant and as food of the poor can be disregarded. Additionally, recent research has exposed the potential of grass pea as a health-promoting nutraceutical. Development of varieties with an improved balance in essential amino acids and diet may be relevant to enhance the nutritional value without jeopardizing the multiple stress tolerance of this promising crop.

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β-N-Oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic Acid (β-ODAP) Content in Lathyrus sativus: The Integration of Nitrogen and Sulfur Metabolism through β-Cyanoalanine Synthase

Cited by 48 publications

References 80 publications

Toxin Degradation by Rumen Microorganisms: A Review

Toxin Degradation by Rumen Microorganisms: A Review

Biochemical Composition of Lathyrus L. Seeds: Antioxidant Activities, Phenolic Profiles, β-ODAP and Protein Contents

Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.): orphan crop, nutraceutical or just plain food?

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