β‐lactamase producing bacteria in adult periodontitis

Abstract

In 23 untreated adult periodontitis patients, the occurrence of beta-lactamase producing periodontal bacteria was determined. In addition to non-selective isolation media, selective isolation and growth of beta-lactamase positive subgingival bacterial species was carried out on blood agar plates supplemented with amoxicillin and plates with amoxicillin+clavulanic acid. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Peptostreptococcus micros, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides forsythus and Campylobacter rectus isolates from the non-selective medium were tested for beta-lactamase activity by a nitrocefin disk method (DrySlide) and by a laboratory chromogenic nitrocefin-based test. Isolates from the amoxicillin plates that were absent on the amoxicillin/clavulanic acid plates were identified and tested for beta-lactamase production. Based on the non-selective plates, six of 23 P. intermedia isolates, 2 of 19 B. forsythus isolates and 3 of 23 F. nucleatum isolates were beta-lactamase positive. The beta-lactamase positive species Prevotella loescheii, Prevotella buccae, Prevotella buccalis and Actinomyces spp were recovered from the selective amoxicillin plates. beta-Lactamase positive subgingival species were recovered from 17 of 23 patients (74%) but usually comprised low proportions of the subgingival microbiota (range < 0.01-15%). Comparison of the DrySlide test and the nitrocefin-based laboratory test revealed full agreement of test results. beta-Lactamase activity in whole subgingival plaque was detected in 12 patient samples (52%). It was concluded that beta-lactamase activity in subgingival bacteria in adult periodontitis is a common feature. However, since the majority of the samples showed only low-level enzymatic activity, the clinical relevance of this observation with regard to therapy with unprotected enzyme-susceptible beta-lactams is uncertain, though failure on the other hand, is difficult to rule out when a mechanism of resistance is present. The majority of beta-lactamase positive strains was found among species of the Prevotella genus.

Past administration of β-lactam antibiotics and increase in the emergence of β-lactamase–producing bacteria in patients with orofacial odontogenic infections

“…to 77.1% of nonpigmented Prevotella, 10,12 13% to 23.5% of F. nucleatum, 11,12,17 and 33.3% of P. gingivalis. 12 In the present study, 27.3% of pigmented Prevotella, 16.7% of nonpigmented Prevotella, 0% of Fusobacterium, and only one strain of Porphyromonas produced ß-lactamase.…”

“…The incidence of ß-lactamase-producing anaerobic gram-negative bacilli has been reported in several studies. [10][11][12]17 ß-lactamase is detected in 26% to 100% of pigmented Prevotella involving P. intermedia, P. melaninogenica, P. loescheii, 10,17 37.5%…”

“…Most of the examinations of ß-lactamaseproducing bacteria have been limited to a few bacterial species or to periodontal disease. [10][11][12][13][14] We therefore determined that data regarding the current status of the occurrence of ß-lactamase-producing bacteria in orofacial odontogenic infections were required.…”

Evaluationof the Mandibular Third Molar Pericoronitis Flora and ItsSusceptibility to Different Antibiotics PrescribedinFrance

“…Therapeutic management usually involves a local surgical procedure and the prescription of antibiotics, often of the ␤-lactam family (7). The frequency of antibioticresistant microorganisms is dependent on the populations and is related to the prescribing habits of practitioners in each country (9,25). In a previous study with selective media, we demonstrated the presence of ␤-lactamase-producing bacteria in 9 out of 26 French patients suffering from pericoronitis (23).…”

Bases farmacomicrobiológicas del tratamiento antibiótico de las enfermedades periodontales y periimplatarias

“…En los últimos 10-15 años se ha duplicado el número de microorganismos resistentes de la cavidad oral (43).Como ejemplo hay estudios que han puesto de manifiesto la presencia de especies productoras de betalactamasas en el 74-88% de pacientes con peridontitis (42,44). En la tabla 2 se muestra la actividad de varios antimicrobianos frente a los principales periodontopatógenos.…”