β‐Endorphins (β‐EP) in amphibians: Higher β‐EP levels during regenerating stages of anuran life cycle and immunocytochemical localization of β‐EP in regeneration blastemata

Vethamany‐Globus, Swani; Globus, Morton; Milton, G.

doi:10.1002/jez.1402320213

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…DAGLB catalyzes the conversion of DAG to 2-AG. This endocannabinoid is required for axonal growth during development and thus may play a role in nerve regeneration but its up regulation is also consistent with previous studies showing an increase in endorphins after amputation of adult newt limbs, suggesting its involvement in pain control during blastema formation [128-130]. DAGLB was not detected in the Xenopus limb.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Proteomic analysis of fibroblastema formation in regenerating hind limbs of Xenopus laevis froglets and comparison to axolotl

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundTo gain insight into what differences might restrict the capacity for limb regeneration in Xenopus froglets, we used High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/double mass spectrometry to characterize protein expression during fibroblastema formation in the amputated froglet hindlimb, and compared the results to those obtained previously for blastema formation in the axolotl limb.ResultsComparison of the Xenopus fibroblastema and axolotl blastema revealed several similarities and significant differences in proteomic profiles. The most significant similarity was the strong parallel down regulation of muscle proteins and enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Regenerating Xenopus limbs differed significantly from axolotl regenerating limbs in several ways: deficiency in the inositol phosphate/diacylglycerol signaling pathway, down regulation of Wnt signaling, up regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and proteins involved in chondrocyte differentiation, lack of expression of a key cell cycle protein, ecotropic viral integration site 5 (EVI5), that blocks mitosis in the axolotl, and the expression of several patterning proteins not seen in the axolotl that may dorsalize the fibroblastema.ConclusionsWe have characterized global protein expression during fibroblastema formation after amputation of the Xenopus froglet hindlimb and identified several differences that lead to signaling deficiency, failure to retard mitosis, premature chondrocyte differentiation, and failure of dorsoventral axial asymmetry. These differences point to possible interventions to improve blastema formation and pattern formation in the froglet limb.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Proteomic analysis of fibroblastema formation in regenerating hind limbs of Xenopus laevis froglets and comparison to axolotl

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…4). The pattern of high tadpole levels and low adult levels corresponds with the regeneration ability of the tadpole and restriction in the adult, respectively (40).…”

Section: Efsects Of Ins On Cultured Blastemamentioning

confidence: 98%

Hormone action in newt limb regeneration: insulin and endorphins

Vethamany‐Globus

1987

Biochem. Cell Biol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although several hormones have been linked to newt limb regeneration, a cohesive hypothesis as to how these hormones control the process is yet to emerge. A critical review of the traditional approaches and a reevaluation of currently operative assumptions and interpretations of results precede the data on insulin and beta-endorphin. Results from in vivo and in vitro experiments on insulin are summarized, showing that insulin not only promotes various cellular events but also is essential for the expression of the mitogenic effect of nerves on cultured newt limb blastemata. Furthermore, the strong likelihood that insulin may be the common link in promoting limb regeneration in hypophysectomized newts that received pituitary hormone replacement therapy or a nutritional supplement is discussed. The status of beta-endorphin in regeneration is also explored. Data are presented to show that vertebrates with regenerating capacity (newts, tadpoles) have higher levels of plasma beta-endorphin than that found in species where the capacity to regenerate is either restricted (frogs) or totally lost (mammals). beta-Endorphin-like immunoreactivity has been localized in the epidermis of a regenerating newt blastema, as well as in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland of axolotl, newt, and Xenopus. A possible opiate connection in vertebrate limb regeneration, in particular, wound healing, is discussed.

show abstract

Pattern‐deficient forelimb regeneration in adult bullfrogs

Tomlinson

Tassava

1985

J. Exp. Zool.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study was designed to test the ability of adult bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) to regenerate forelimbs, both with and without various experimental treatments. Distal humerus-level forelimb amputations provided with additional deviated (sciatic) nerve and/or repeated soft-tissue injury exhibited considerable outgrowth. However, control sham-operated forelimbs also produced regenerates with comparable frequency, size, and morphological complexity. The lengths of the regenerates ranged from 0.4 to 2.6 cm, representing an outgrowth of 10-65% of the portion removed by the distal humerus amputation plane; some regenerates exhibited an external morphology indicative of digitlike structures. Some outgrowths were flexible but only one was capable of independent movement. Victoria Blue staining of whole regenerates revealed a variety of internal cartilage elements. Staining showed a single solid mass of cartilage in some regenerates while others had several individual and variably shaped cartilages projecting distally. Histological analysis also revealed the presence of connective tissue, striated muscle, and abundant nerve fibers in addition to the individual cartilage elements. We have tentatively termed these responses pattern-deficient regeneration.

show abstract

β‐Endorphins (β‐EP) in amphibians: Higher β‐EP levels during regenerating stages of anuran life cycle and immunocytochemical localization of β‐EP in regeneration blastemata

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Proteomic analysis of fibroblastema formation in regenerating hind limbs of Xenopus laevis froglets and comparison to axolotl

Proteomic analysis of fibroblastema formation in regenerating hind limbs of Xenopus laevis froglets and comparison to axolotl

Hormone action in newt limb regeneration: insulin and endorphins

Pattern‐deficient forelimb regeneration in adult bullfrogs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About