β-Cyclodextrin-Stabilized Biosynthesis Nanozyme for Dual Enzyme Mimicking and Fenton Reaction with a High Potential Anticancer Agent

Abstract

The myth of inactivity of inorganic materials in a biological system breaks down by the discovery of nanozymes. From this time, the nanozyme has attracted huge attention for its high durability, cost-effective production, and easy storage over the natural enzyme. Moreover, the multienzyme-mimicking activity of nanozymes can regulate the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in an intercellular system. ROS can be generated by peroxidase (POD), oxidase (OD), and Fenton-like catalytic reaction by a nanozyme which kills the cancer cells by oxidative stress; therefore, it is important in CDT (chemo dynamic therapy). Our current study designed to investigate the enzyme mimicking behavior and anticancer ability of cerium-based nanomaterials because the cerium-based materials offer a high redox ability while maintaining nontoxicity and high stability. Our group synthesized CeZrO 4 nanoparticles by a green method using β-cyclodextrin as a stabilizer and neem leaf extract as a reducing agent, exhibiting POD-and OD-like dual enzyme activities. The best enzyme catalytic activity is shown in pH = 4, indicating the high ROS generation in an acidic medium (tumor microenvironment) which is also supported by the Fenton-like behavior of CeZrO 4 nanoparticles. Inspired by the high ROS generation in vitro method, we investigated the disruption of human kidney cells by this nanoparticle, successfully verified by the MTT assay. The harmful effect of ROS in a normal cell is also investigated by the in vitro MTT assay. The results suggested that the appreciable anticancer activity with minimal side effects by this synthesized nanomaterial.

Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Aging and Age-Related Diseases: A Review

“…It happens due to a variety of mechanisms, which include shortening of telomere, oxidative stress, inflammation of cytokines, and activation of the p53 tumor suppressor. , Arteriosclerosis: Accumulation of plaque consisting of fat, cholesterol, and calcium in blood vessels is known as arteriosclerosis, which leads to heart attack and stroke. , Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs): They are adult stem cells found in different types of tissues and can be self-renewed. , Upregulation and Downregulation: When a cell reduces the quantity of cellular components such as RNA or protein in retaliation to superficial stimulation is known as downregulation. Upregulation is the complementary process that increases such cellular components. , Superoxide dismutase (SOD): It is an enzyme that helps to prevent cells by breaking down harmful oxygen molecules. , Fenton reaction: It is a catalytic process that converts H 2 O 2 to toxic hydroxyl free radicals. , …”

A bimodal type of AgPd Plasmonic Blackbody Nanozyme with boosted catalytic efficacy and synergized photothermal therapy for efficacious tumor treatment in the second biological window

“…Nanozymes hold promise to complement natural protein enzymes to regulate biological processes, as they have superior advantages such as stable structure, enriched catalytic sites, abundant enzymatic activities, and robust catalytic activities under even harsh conditions (acid, base, and high temperature) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Indeed, these advantages make nanozymes promising as nanotheranostic agents for applications ranging from biomedical detection to disease treatment, especially in tumor microenvironment (TME) responsive theranostics [11][12][13][14][15]. TME is characterized by mildly acid conditions (pH 6-6.5), hypoxia (1% of O 2 ), overproduction of H 2 O 2 (50-100 × 10 − 6 M) and glutathione (GSH) (≈ 10 × 10 − 3 M) [16][17][18][19][20].…”

High Visual Colorimetric Determination of F‐ Ions by Exploiting the Inhibition of Oxidase Mimicking Activity of FeMnO4@GQD Nanocomposite

“…Considering these facts, WHO and Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) bound the permissible limit of fluoride ions and set a limiting scale of F − ions in drinking water is 1.0–1.5 mg/L (ppm) and 2–4 mg/L, respectively. However, the Indian agency was recommended an acceptable fluoride concentration of 1.0 mg L −1 [13–16] . For the lack of awareness, most privileged areas are affected by F − ions poisoning, and globally, about 2.4 billion people suffer from chronic fluorosis.…”

“…Several standard techniques developed in the recent past for the detection of fluorides, such as an ion-selective electrode, ion chromatography, potentiometry, 19 F-NMR analysis, mass spectrometry, ion chromatography, electrochemical methods, colorimetric methods, and fluorescence-based sensing systems had been used Worldwide. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] However, all these techniques need expensive instruments and tedious operation, which bound a serious limitation upon their uses in location-based real-time water quality data collection on-site monitoring. The colorimetric method has several advantages; low cost, facile operation, and is widely applicable.…”