β-Carotene conversion products and their effects on adipose tissue

Abstract

Recent epidemiological data suggest that b-carotene may be protective against metabolic diseases in which adipose tissue plays a key role. Adipose tissue constitutes the major b-carotene storage tissue and its functions have been shown to be modulated in response to b-carotene breakdown products, especially retinal produced after cleavage by b-carotene 15,15 0 -monooxygenase (BCMO1), and retinoic acid arising from oxidation of retinal. However, the possibility exists that b-carotene in its intact form can also affect adipocyte function. Development of a knock out model and identification of a loss-offunction mutation have pointed out BCMO1 as being probably the sole enzyme responsible for provitamin A conversion into retinal in mammals. The utilisation of BCMO1 -/-mice should provide insights on b-carotene effect on its own in the future. In humans, intervention studies have highlighted the huge interindividual variation of b-carotene conversion efficiency, possibly due to genetic polymorphisms, which might impact on response to b-carotene. This brief review discusses the processes involved in b-carotene conversion and the effect of cleavage products on body fat and adipose tissue function.

All-trans retinoic acid induces oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondria biogenesis in adipocytes

“…The treatment affected as expected the expression of genes previously shown to be modulated by ATRA in adipocytes and/or adipose tissue ( Table 1 ), which validated our microarray experiments. Thus, changes brought about by ATRA treatment included the induction of Rar ␤ , Rarres1, Ucp1 and 2, Ppargc1 ␣ , Ppar ␣ , or Cyp26b1 and the repression of the leptin, resistin, Cebp ␣ , adiponectin, and Rxr ␣ genes ( 4,9,15,18,(24)(25)(26)(27).…”

All- trans -retinoic acid represses chemokine expression in adipocytes and adipose tissue by inhibiting NF-κB signaling

“…Notably, the action of ATRA has been linked to increased oxidative metabolism and energy 53 expenditure in different tissues including white adipose tissue (WAT) [10,11], and could be related to the 54 ability of ATRA to impact oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity and mitochondrial content in 55 adipocytes [12].…”

Tepung Labu Kuning (Cucurbita Moschata) Menurunkan Kadar Glukosa Darah Tikus Model Sindroma Metabolik

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