α1-Antitrypsin Low-Density-Lipoprotein Serves as a Marker of Smoking-Specific Oxidative Stress

Abstract

Aim: While smoking cessation (SC) leads to a reduction of cardiovascular events, atherogenic biomarkers specifically connected with cigarette smoking and SC are unknown. Circulating levels of oxidatively modified low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) are associated with a high risk of cardiovascular diseases. Recently, two novel, oxidatively modified LDL markers, serum amyloid A-LDL (SAA-LDL) and 1-antitrypsin-LDL (AT-LDL), were identified; however, the significance of SAA-LDL and AT-LDL as cardiovascular risk markers is unknown. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study involving 243 patients, and determined serum levels of SAA-LDL and AT-LDL. Results: Both serum levels of SAA-LDL and AT-LDL were significantly increased in current compared to non-current smokers. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the current smoking status and duration of smoking were strong independent determinants of the AT-LDL level. In contrast, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was the strongest determinant of the SAA-LDL level. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the current smoking status was most closely associated with the AT-LDL level. Successful SC employing a 12-week program significantly increased the body mass index and serum levels of obesity-related markers. Notably, successful SC significantly decreased levels of AT-LDL, but not those of SAA-LDL. Conclusions:The present study provides the first evidence for the distinct characteristics of two novel, oxidatively modified LDL markers, SAA-LDL and AT-LDL. In contrast to SAA-LDL, an inflammatory marker, AT-LDL serves as a marker of smoking-specific oxidative stress. These findings warrant further investigations to clarify if AT-LDL provides a key link between smoking and cardiovascular diseases.

Plasma heat shock protein 27 is increased in renal dysfunction and habitual smoking in a Japanese general population

“…Although the mechanisms are not still clear, oxidative stress may play an important role between HSP 27 and cigarette smoking [22,23]. Further, the present study indicated a clear dose-response relationship between HSP 27 and smoking status, in which HSP 27 might be increased as a marker of smoking-specific oxidative stress [24]. Although former smokers were included in the no smoker group in this study, former smokers showed an almost normal range of HSP 27 levels.…”

Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 Plays an Important Role in Vascular Inflammation in Current Smokers

“…We employed the Stat View 5.0 software program (for Windows) for the data analysis, which was performed as previously described 17) . Briefly, the correlations between the serum sLOX-1 levels and other parameters were examined according to Pearson's correlation coefficients.…”

“…BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA 1c, hemoglobin A 1c; HDL-C, highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; CO, carbon monoxide; SDS, Self-rating Depression Scale; FTND, Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence; sLOX-1, soluble LOX-1 determinants of the serum alpha1-antitrypsin-LDL (AT-LDL) level 17) . However, the AT-LDL level exhibits no correlation with the number of cigarettes smoked per day, the expired air CO concentration or the hsCRP level.…”

“…Blood was obtained from the patient's antecubital vein two to three hours after a meal to determine the levels of hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and hsCRP, as previously described 17) .…”

Highly absorptive curcumin reduces serum atherosclerotic low-density lipoprotein levels in patients with mild COPD

“…A comparison of AT-LDL levels in smokers and nonsmokers indicated that AT-LDL levels are significantly elevated in smokers 29. AT-LDL is an oxidatively modified LDL, and AT-LDL levels quickly drop as a result of smoking cessation, which suggests that AT-LDL promotes atherosclerosis and is closely related to smoking.…”