“Zygomatico-Orbital Artery: A Re-Evaluation of the Temporal Blood Vessels.”

Abstract

Background: The current anatomical description of the zygomatico-orbital artery (ZOA) is mainly based on cadaver head studies and does not accurately reflect the complete anatomical information of the ZOA. The purpose of this study was to reveal the anatomical characteristics of the ZOA and to provide an anatomical basis for relevant operations in the temporal area. Methods: Computed tomographic scans and autopsies were performed on 78 cadaver heads perfused with lead oxide. Mimics software was used to construct a three-dimensional image based on the bilateral intertragic notches and the right inferior orbital margin for a detailed analysis of the ZOA. Results: The occurrence rate of ZOA in the 101 qualified hemisectioned cadaver heads was 86.14% (87 of 101). According to our observations, 46 of 87 (52.87%) originated from the superficial temporal artery above the zygomatic arch, 23 of 87 (26.44%) from the superficial temporal artery under the zygomatic arch, and 18 of 87 (20.69%) from the frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery. The ZOA communicates with the deep and superficial arches of the supraorbital artery, transverse facial artery, and ophthalmic artery. Conclusions: This study describes the anatomical characteristics of the ZOA. Moreover, these findings may guide skin flap transplantation and prevent associated injection complications.

Discussion: Zygomatico-Orbital Artery: A Reevaluation of the Temporal Blood Vessels

“…… In another case, the ZOA [23 of 87 (26.44%)] originates from the main trunk of the STA below the zygomatic arch. … In the third case, the ZOA [ n = 18 of 87 (20.69%)] originates from the frontal branch of the STA.” 1 These findings are interesting, as they describe what the authors have found. It would have been of greater impact if the authors had elaborated on the clinical applicability of each grade and how each grade can influence or guide clinical practice.…”

“…The results of Chen et al 1 are of relevance for the treatment of patients with temporal hollowing. Understanding the pathway of the ZOA does have an impact on the choice of the dermal access point for the interfascial injection technique and other temporal injection techniques when administering hyaluronic acid–based soft-tissue fillers or autologous fat.…”

“…Overall, the article provided by Chen et al sheds further light onto the complex three-dimensional course of facial arterial vasculature. 1 Their data contribute to guide both injectors and surgeons in performing safer procedures and reducing the number of complications and adverse events. However, the clinical relevance of clustering and classifying arterial branches remains questionable and should be debated to further fuel the transition of the field of anatomy away from the mere academic description of structures and tissues, toward clinically applicable anatomy, supporting clinicians in their daily practice.…”

“…I n this issue, Chen et al reevaluated the course, diameter, branching pattern, and anastomotic connections of the zygomatico-orbital artery (ZOA). 1 We congratulate the authors for adding anatomical knowledge to the literature, with findings based on computed tomographic scans, three-dimensional reconstructions, and cadaver dissections.…”