The article contains sections titled:
1.
Fermentation
1.1.
Screening
1.2.
Selection, Mutation, and Maintenance of Strains
1.3.
Process Development Leading to Large‐Scale Production
1.4.
Fermentation Technology
1.4.1.
Maintenance of the Strain and Production of Inoculum
1.4.2.
Treatment Before and During Fermentation
2.
Isolation and Purification of Antibiotics; Quality Specifications
2.1.
Isolation
2.2.
Purification Techniques, Sterile End Products, Official Regulations
3.
Analytical Measurements and Quality Control
3.1.
Microbiological Analysis
3.2.
Isotopically Labeled Antibiotics
4.
Economic Aspects