Zur Frage der Polioencephalitis haemorrhagica der chronischen Alkoholiker. Anatomische Befunde beim alkoholischen Korsakow und ihre Beziehungen zum klinischen Bild

Gamper, Ed.

doi:10.1007/bf01668327

Cited by 126 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Symonds (14) offered the formulation that permanent memory traces, which are perhaps based on structural modifications in wide areas of the cortex, have an inherent tendency towards decay (forgetting); this tendency is normally opposed by activating influences from the hippocampal system, which is also responsible for the storage of new permanent memories and their later reinforcement, although it is apparently not responsible for the function of immediate memory which does not have to outlast distraction. This view accommodates the observations that the establishment of new permanent memories is deficient in patients with bilateral lesions of various structures belonging to the limbic system, such as the hippocampus (15, 16), the fornix (17), the septal region (18), and the mammillary bodies (19). (For further reports, the reader is referred to the aforementioned literature surveys.)…”

Section: Clinical Symptomssupporting

confidence: 82%

Some Functional Relationships in Geriatric Psychiatry*

Müller

1970

J American Geriatrics Society

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Based upon electroencephalographic, clinical and experimental findings in the field of geriatric psychiatry, this article presents a group of working hypotheses which may lead to: 1) a better understanding of some EEG phenomena in terms of the overall clinical picture (and vice versa); and 2) more specific questions for further study. A diagram is presented which summarizes the more important points. This approach is prompted by the marked difference between the types of geriatric EEG, and also certain EEG‐clinical correlations—phenomena which make this field particularly interesting for the investigation of psychophysiological relationships.

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Section: Clinical Symptomssupporting

confidence: 82%

Some Functional Relationships in Geriatric Psychiatry*

Müller

1970

J American Geriatrics Society

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“…Much of the criticism of Courville's work is applicable also to that of Lynch," 8 Miyakawa et al," 9 and Stevenson, 120 authors that are being quoted to the present day as having described the pathologic changes of alcohol dementia. Lynch" 8 described the brain lesions of 11 alcoholics, five of whom died in delirium tremens and three from bleeding esophageal varices.…”

Section: Neuropathologic Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Alcoholic Dementia

Victor¹

1994

Can. J. Neurol. Sci

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At least four distinct cerebral diseases -Wernicke-Korsakoff, Marchiafava-Bignami, pellagrous encephalopathy, and acquired hepatocerebral degeneration -have a close association with chronic alcoholism. Each is characterized by a distinctive pathologic change and a reasonably wellestablished pathogenesis; in each the role of alcohol in the causation is secondary. The question posed in this review is whether there is, in addition to the established types of dementia associated with alcoholism, a persistent dementia attributable to the direct toxic effects of alcohol on the brain -i.e., a primary alcoholic dementia. The clinical, psychologic, radiologic, and pathologic evidence bearing on this question is critically reviewed. None of the evidence permits the clear delineation of such an entity. The most serious flaw in the argument for a primary alcoholic dementia is that it lacks a distinctive, well-defined pathology, and it must remain ambiguous until such time as its morphologic basis is established.Resume: La d£mence alcoolique: une revue critique. Au moins quatre maladies ce>6brales distinctes -le Wernicke-Korsakoff, le Marchiafava-Bignami, l'encephalopathie de la pellagre, la degdnerescence h6patoce>6brale acquise -ont une association etroite avec l'alcoolisme chronique. Chacune est caracte>is£e par des changements anatomopathologiques distincts et une pathogenese bien etablie. Le role de I'acool est secondaire dans chacune. Dans cette revue, nous posons la question suivante: en plus des types de dfimence reconnus comme dtant associ^s a l'alcoolisme, y a-t-il une demence persistante attribuable aux effects toxiques directs de l'alcool sur le cerveau, i.e., une ddmence alcoolique primaire? Nous revoyons de facon critique les donn^es cliniques, psychologiques, radiologiques et anatomopathologiques reliees a cette question. Aucune observation ne permet de deTinir clairement une telle entite\ La lacune la plus sfirieuse vient du fait qu'il n'existe pas de 16sion anatomopathologique distinctive. La situation demeurera ambigue tant que ses assises morphologiques ne seront pas Stablies.Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 1994; 21: 88-99 That the long-continued abuse of alcohol may lead to a deterioration of intellect, behavior, and personality has been appreciated for many years. Maudsley (1879),' in his book "The Pathology of Mind", commented upon the weak will-power, blunting of moral sense, and childish intellect of the alcoholic and likened his mental state to that observed in the late stages of senile dementia. Lawson, 2 writing in the first volume of Brain (in 1878) attributed both memory defects and a general decay of intellectual function to alcoholism. And Bevan Lewis 3 in 1889, remarked upon impairments of attention, judgment, and memory as well as deterioration of the finer sensibilities and moral nature of alcoholics. Thus an association between alcoholism and intellectual decay was appreciated early on; however, the nature of this association was quite unclear and seemed to excite little curiosity.The cli...

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“…Indeed, damage within this region invariably occurs in Korsakoff syndrome, one of the key symptoms of which is a dense amnesia (Kopelman et al, 2009). The co-occurring diencephalic damage in this condition was noted as early as the end of the 19th century (Gudden, 1896), with a more explicit link between diencephalic damage and memory subsequently made by Gamper (1928). However, it was not until later in the 20th century that these brain regions began to gain further interest, by which time there was already a widespread focus on the medial temporal lobe for memory function, following the reports of Patient H.M. (Delay and Brion, 1969; Victor et al, 1971; Scoville and Milner, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cognitive Thalamus as a Gateway to Mental Representations

2018

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Historically, the thalamus has been viewed as little more than a relay, simply transferring information to key players of the cast, the cortex and hippocampus, without providing any unique functional contribution. In recent years, evidence from multiple laboratories researching different thalamic nuclei has contradicted this idea of the thalamus as a passive structure. Dated models of thalamic functions are being pushed aside, revealing a greater and far more complex contribution of the thalamus for cognition. In this Viewpoints article, we show how recent data support novel views of thalamic functions that emphasize integrative roles in cognition, ranging from learning and memory to flexible adaption. We propose that these apparently separate cognitive functions may indeed be supported by a more general role in shaping mental representations. Several features of thalamocortical circuits are consistent with this suggested role, and we highlight how divergent and convergent thalamocortical and corticothalamic pathways may complement each other to support these functions. Furthermore, the role of the thalamus for subcortical integration is highlighted as a key mechanism for maintaining and updating representations. Finally, we discuss future areas of research and stress the importance of incorporating new experimental findings into existing knowledge to continue developing thalamic models. The presence of thalamic pathology in a number of neurological conditions reinforces the need to better understand the role of this region in cognition.

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Zur Frage der Polioencephalitis haemorrhagica der chronischen Alkoholiker. Anatomische Befunde beim alkoholischen Korsakow und ihre Beziehungen zum klinischen Bild

Cited by 126 publications

References 0 publications

Some Functional Relationships in Geriatric Psychiatry*

Some Functional Relationships in Geriatric Psychiatry*

Alcoholic Dementia

The Cognitive Thalamus as a Gateway to Mental Representations

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