Zur Ausbreitung der Wundfäule in der Fichte

Löffler, Hans

doi:10.1007/bf02735935

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Here, even very large and obviously old bark injuries still uncovered at the time of inspection often only displayed minor rot symptoms at the basal cross-section, if any at all. As the diameter of wound rot at the basal cross-section is positively correlated with the longitudinal extension of the rot in Norway spruce (Lo¨ffler 1975;Meng 1978;Leinss 1991), the less severe rot symptoms observed at the basal cross-sections of Silver fir might be expected to be correlated with a lesser longitudinal extension as well.…”

Section: Timber Degradationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Is Silver fir (Abies alba) less vulnerable to extraction damage than Norway spruce (Picea abies)?

Kohnle

Kändler

2006

Eur J Forest Res

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Inspection of Norway spruce and Silver fir on experimental plots in south-western Germany showed that Silver fir had suffered significantly less bark injuries than Norway spruce. Data from both federal forest inventories (1987, 2002) showed a similar species-specific vulnerability. Additional visual inspections of the basal cross-sections of trees removed from the experimental plots showed rather high proportions of butt rot in uninjured Norway spruce (51%). The proportion further increased to 93% in trees, which had sustained bark injuries. In contrast, decay symptoms were almost absent in uninjured Silver fir and less enhanced in trees with bark injuries (27%). Management implications for risk rating of tree species, as well as the necessity of implementing low-damage harvesting regimes, are discussed.

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Section: Timber Degradationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Is Silver fir (Abies alba) less vulnerable to extraction damage than Norway spruce (Picea abies)?

Kohnle

Kändler

2006

Eur J Forest Res

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“…Since the 1970s, several studies in Germany have examined the impact of mechanised logging operations on harvest-related injuries (Guglhör and Melf 1995;Mahler 1987;Meng 1978;Löffler 1975). Furthermore, the results of the second German National Inventory BWI 2 (reference year 2002) underlined the fact that the degree of harvest-related bark injury in German forests has reached seriously problematic levels with particularly high levels found in Southwest Germany (state of BadenWuerttemberg).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved models of harvest-induced bark damage

Nakou¹,

Sauter²,

Kohnle³

2015

Annals of Forest Science

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Key messageWe provided a precise quantitative analysis of the factors at the origin of bark damage during harvesting operations and developed a model able to predict them accurately. The major factors were the distance of trees to skid trails, the intensity of removals, the harvesting system as well as the interactions between the distance of trees to skid trails with harvesting systems, the average skidding distance, the tree species and tree height.• Context During timber harvesting, trees in the remaining stand may suffer bark damage resulting from tree-felling or log manipulation. Although a multitude of case studies and empirical observations provide qualitative and quantitative information with respect to the potential causal factors, the basic quantitative relationship between major factors of influence and the resulting degree of bark damage remains largely unclear.• Aims The objective was to provide a precise quantitative analysis of impact factors explaining the occurrence of bark damage during harvesting operations.• Methods Three different modelling approaches were tested: boosted regression tree (BRT), a generalised linear mixed effects model (GLMM) and Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo generalised linear mixed models (MCMCglmm).• Results The major factors with a significant impact on the occurrence of bark damage were the distance of trees to skid trails, the intensity of removals, the harvesting system and the interaction term between the distance of trees to skid trails with harvesting systems, average skidding distance, tree species and tree height.• Conclusion The final model includes the relevant major factors impacting on the infliction of bark damage during practical harvesting operations. Furthermore, it discriminates well with respect to the occurrence of bark damage, and it provides managers with a rational and conclusive tool for optimising harvesting operations.

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“…As 30-40% of P. abies stem wounds remain decay-free during the first 2-5 years (Vasiliauskas 1989(Vasiliauskas , 1993, eventual wound occlusion in such cases would prevent the establishment of infection. Even in infected trees, advance of decay decreases in smaller wounds (Vasiliauskas 1989(Vasiliauskas , 1993 and stops after complete closure (Löffler 1975;Vasiliauskas 1994). Consequently, the wound occlusion would reduce both yield loss and risk of stem breakage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Wound occlusion and decay in Picea abies stems

et al. 2011

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In forest stands, Picea abies is commonly subjected to logging and bark stripping injuries. Most mechanical wounds do not exceed 300 cm 2 , but their pathological consequences are unclear. The aim of the study was to estimate the rate of wound occlusion and the probability of decay in P. abies stems in relation to initial wound size and wounding season. The study included forty-five stems with 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-and 5-cm-wide by 15-cm-long wounds (15-75 cm 2 ), and eighty-three stems with 15-cm-wide by 20-cm-long wounds (300 cm 2 ), made either in January or in August. After 19-21 years, each wound was assessed for occlusion rate and the presence of decay. All 1-to 2-cm-wide wounds were occluded, compared to 58-70% of the 3-to 4-cm-wide wounds, 25% of the 5-cm-wide wounds, and 0% of the 15-cm-wide wounds. On average, it took 3.6, 5.5, 10.4, 12.7 and 14.7 years to occlude wounds ranging in size from 1-to 5-cm-wide, respectively. After 21 years, the observed size of wounds comprising an initial area of 300 cm 2 ranged between 14 and 481 cm 2 . Wounding season and stem DBH had no impact on wound healing. Wound decay incidence correlated positively with the initial width of injury (r = 0.925; P \ 0.05). All 1-to 2-cm-wide wounds lacked any decay, while the proportions of decay among 3-, 4-, 5-and 15-cm-wide wounds were 58.3, 50.0, 83.3 and 100%, respectively. Length of decay comprised 35-225 cm. Consequently, wounds on P. abies stems greater than 5 cm width are unlikely to be occluded and more prone to decay development.

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Zur Ausbreitung der Wundfäule in der Fichte

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

Is Silver fir (Abies alba) less vulnerable to extraction damage than Norway spruce (Picea abies)?

Is Silver fir (Abies alba) less vulnerable to extraction damage than Norway spruce (Picea abies)?

Improved models of harvest-induced bark damage

Wound occlusion and decay in Picea abies stems

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