Zooplankton structure in the Loosdrecht lakes in relation to trophic status and recent restoration measures

Gulati, R. D.

doi:10.1007/bf00026051

Cited by 58 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Egg predation may be involved in the failure of attempts to introduce large Daphnia species (e.g. D. pulex) into a lake after removal of fish (Benndorf 1990;Gulati 1990). Size-selective egg predation may reverse competitive interactions between differently sized cladocerans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clutch-size variability in Daphnia: Body-size related effects of egg predation by cyclopoid copepods

Gliwicz

Lampert

1994

Limnol. Oceanogr.

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Cyclopoid copepods had unexpected effects on four species of Daphnia in an enclosure study. Small copepodites entered the brood pouch of large Daphnia and preyed on eggs. The resulting low clutch sizes could erroneously be ascribed to food limitation, but a clear difference between copepodite and foodlimited populations could be seen when clutch sizes were plotted vs. body lengths. Food limitation resulted in consistently lower egg numbers for all individuals; egg predation resulted in large variability of clutch sizes because individuals were randomly affected by the copepods. Only small copepodites could enter brood pouches, and only large daphniids were affected. Daphniids below a body size of 2.25 mm were immune to egg predation regardless of species or size at first reproduction. This unusual mechanism of size-selective invertebrate predation (affecting large cladocerans) may explain unexpected results found in field studies.In cladocerans, fecundities translate into birth rates and can be considered a component of evolutionary fitness. It is generally assumed that egg numbers are determined by food availability and body size (Lynch 1980; Taylor 1985). Egg numbers of Daphnia of a certain standard size (Lampert 1988) respond to changing food conditions in a saturation-type fashion with a small time delay (Lampert 1978). No eggs are produced when the food concentration is below a certain threshold, while max-' Permanent address: Department of Hydrobiology, University of Warsaw, Nowy Swiat 67, 00-046 Warsaw, Poland. AcknowledgmentsMany people helped with the enclosure experiment that provided the data for this study. We are especially grateful to Maren Volquartsen,and Heinke Claussen for technical help, Barbara Santer for identifying the copepods, and Nancy Zehrbach for correcting the English. We also thank three anonymous referees for comments on an earlier version of this paper.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clutch-size variability in Daphnia: Body-size related effects of egg predation by cyclopoid copepods

Gliwicz

Lampert

1994

Limnol. Oceanogr.

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“…and cyclopoid copepods, and an abundance of rotifers, predominantly Keratella, Anuraeopsis, Filinia, and Polyarthra spp. (Gulati 1990;Ooms-Wilms et al 1999). The annual means of crustacean densities may vary more than twofold in the lake, between approximately 400 and 940 individuals (ind.)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using the hidden isotopic heterogeneity in phyto‐ and zooplankton to unmask disparity in trophic carbon transfer

Pel

Hoogveld

Floris

2003

Limnology & Oceanography

103

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In this study, we show that natural phototrophic populations can be probed individually for their in situ ␦ 13 C signature by linking fluorescence-activated cell sorting and isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) using in-line pyrolytic methylation. This novel methodology greatly improved the resolution in discriminating and tracing the differential carbon (C) pathways at the base of the pelagic food web in the cyanobacteria-dominated Lake Loosdrecht (The Netherlands). Our analysis revealed the co-occurrence of phytoplankton taxa differing by 6-10‰ in ␦ 13 C. Predominant micro-and mesozooplankton species reflected this difference as the result of preferential grazing and/ or selective digestion. Flow cytometric (FCM) retrieval of phytoplankton ␦ 13C signatures, applied in conjunction with 13 C-carbonate labeling, also enabled an assessment of in situ population-specific growth rates. Diatoms and green algae exhibited up to ninefold higher growth rates than those for cyanobacterial species. The coexistence of phytoplankton populations widely differing in ␦ 13 C, standing stock, and turnover time has important implications for the interpretation of C transfer in pelagic food webs. Our approach disclosed a disproportional impact on trophic cascades by numerically minor phototrophs that otherwise would have gone unnoticed. Despite the abundance of cyanobacterial-derived C, the zooplankton largely rely on eukaryotic algae for growth. Rotifers take a central position in passing on this algal C to the cyclopoid copepod populations in the lake. The bosminid-dominated cladoceran population uses both the cyanobacterial-and algal-derived C in approximately equal shares.

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“…The crustacean zooplankton in 1989, like in the preceding years (Gulati, 1990), i.e. period before B. coregoni, the only cladoceran which was encountered in all samples from 5 April to 13 December 1989, had the highest fecundity in spring.…”

Section: Zooplankton and Crustacean Grazingmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…1-~ are the higehst so far known for Lake Loosdrecht (see e.g. Gulati, 1990) and were perhaps caused by initial fish reduction followed by mild spring temperatures. So also predation by this carnivorous crustacean may have had impact on the Daphnia population dynamics (Karabin, 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phytoplankton was dominated by filamentous cyanobacteria, namely Oscillatoria redekei and O. limnetica (De Kloet et al, 1984) and the prochlorophyte Prochlorothrix hollandica (Burger-Wiersma et al, 1986). The zooplankton comprised predominantly small-sized cladocerans (Bosmina spp., Chydorus sphaericus, Daphnia cucullata), while large-sized crustacean zooplankton was conspicuous by its absence (Gulati, 1990). Bream (Abramis brama) comprised 90~o of lake's total fish biomass.…”

Section: Lake Description and Background Limnologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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First attempt to apply whole-lake food-web manipulation on a large scale in The Netherlands

Donk¹,

Grimm²,

Gulati³

et al. 1990

Hydrobiologia

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Lake Breukeleveen (180 ha, mean depth 1.45 m), a compartment of the eutrophic Loosdrecht lakes system, was selected to study the effects of whole-lake foodweb manipulation on a large scale. In Lake Loosdrecht (dominated by filamentous cyanobacteria), due to water management measures taken from 1970-1984 (sewerage systems, dephosphorization) the external P load has been reduced from 1.2 g m-2 y-1 to 0.35 g m -2 y -i. The water transparency (Secchi-depth ca. 30 cm), however, has not improved. The aim of the food-web manipulation in Lake Breukeleveen was not only to improve the light climate of the lake, but also to study if the successfull effects observed in small lakes (a few ha) can be upscaled. In March 1989 the standing crop of planktivorous and bentivorous fish populations was reduced by intensive fishery, from ca. 150 kg ha-1 to ca. 57 kg ha-1. The lake was made unaccessible to fish migrating from the other lakes and it was stocked with large-sized daphnids and 0 ÷ pike. However, water transparency did not increase in the following summer and autumn 1989, which is in contrast with great improvement in the light conditions previously observed in smaller lakes. The main explanations for the negative outcome in Lake Breukeleveen are: 1)the rapid increase of the planktivorous fish biomass and carnivorous cladocerans, predating on the zooplankton community; 2) suppression of the large daphnids by the high concentrations of filamentous cyanobacteria; 3) high turbidity of the lake due to resuspension of bottom material induced by wind, unlike in smaller lakes, and thus inability of submerged macrophytes to develop and to stabilize the ecosystem.

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Zooplankton structure in the Loosdrecht lakes in relation to trophic status and recent restoration measures

Cited by 58 publications

References 35 publications

Clutch-size variability in Daphnia: Body-size related effects of egg predation by cyclopoid copepods

Clutch-size variability in Daphnia: Body-size related effects of egg predation by cyclopoid copepods

Using the hidden isotopic heterogeneity in phyto‐ and zooplankton to unmask disparity in trophic carbon transfer

First attempt to apply whole-lake food-web manipulation on a large scale in The Netherlands

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