Zoonotic potential of gastrointestinal parasite in long-tailed Macaque Macaca fascicularis at Baluran National Park, Situbondo, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Baluran National Park (BNP) is one of the highest number of tourist visit among Indonesian national park. In the past decades, excessive feeding has induced change in macaque behaviour which increased the number of recorded human-macaque interaction. The close contact between macaque and humans can increase the risk of disease transmissions. This study aimed to identify gastro intestinal (GI) parasite in the long-tailed macaque. To provide identification, we adopted morphologic methods. We collected 100 faeces from unidentified individuals of Long-tailed macaque in BNP. Fecal samples were tested using direct smear and modified sugar floatation techniques. Microscopic examination showed 89% (89/100) samples were found to be positive of GI parasite. The prevalence of protozoa infection was higher (89%) than helminth (83%). The most prevalent GI parasite is Trichostrongylus sp (66%) following with Entamoeba sp. (53%), Strongyloides sp. (32%), Blastocystis sp. (32%), Trichuris sp.(17%), Giardia sp. (10%) and Enterobius sp. (3%). All of GI parasite that successfully identified have zoonotic concern. In conclusion, GI parasites found in faeces of long-tailed macaque at Baluran National Park potentially a zoonotic transmission.Keywords : GI Parasite; Long tailed Macaque; Baluran National Park; Zoonosis

Identification of Ectoparasites and Endoparasites on Java Langurs (Trachypithecus sp.) and Silvery Gibbons (Hylobates moloch) in The Aspinall Foundation Indonesia Program

“…The results of this study in accordance with the research conducted by Tiwari et al (2017) on Nilgiri Langurs (Trachypithecus johnii) in India with the highest prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites, namely Trichuris trichiura, but there was a difference such as in this study no other types of gastrointestinal parasites were found, either eggs of other species of worms or protozoa, possibly because the animals were rehabilitated when the medical check-up was already given anthelmintics so that influence the possibility of finding endoparasites. Kurniawati et al (2020) stated that differences in prevalence and type of infection may depend on the life cycle of the parasite, geographical conditions, food sources, and feeding behavior of primates.…”

“…These interactions can be established in several aspects, such as ecology, work, recreation and research. Kurniawati et al (2020) stated that non-human primates including Java langur and Java gibbon can become reservoirs and potential hosts for transmitting parasitic diseases that can be found in humans. Huffman et al (2013) stated that 33 species of zoonotic parasites were detected in humans in Sri Lanka and five species of them, such as Balantidium coli, Plasmodium spp., Sarcocystis sp., Bertiella studeri and Echinococcus granulosus were reported to originate from primates considered as reservoir hosts.…”

Effect of urbanization on zoonotic gastrointestinal parasite prevalence in endemic toque macaque (Macaca sinica) from different climatic zones in Sri Lanka

“…The contrary was reported by Li et al (2017) with 40.1% of macaques screening positive for protozoan and 29.6% for helminth infections. Kurniawati et al (2020) reiterated protozoan was the most prevalent infection (89%) compared to helminth infections (66%) in long-tailed macaques. All five types of protozoans detected in the current study, were of relatively high prevalence; Balantidium type > Isospora type in both M .…”

The Predicament of Macaque Conservation in Malaysia

“…(10%) and Enterobius sp. (3%) [56]. Conversely, the prevalence of GI parasites infection was lower at the Kosumpee Forest Park, MahaSarakham, Thailand, where only 35.11% of the fecal samples were positive, including Strongyloides spp.…”