Zoonoses in Solid-Organ and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients

Abstract

Numerous reports exist of the transmission of zoonoses to humans during and after solid-organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Donor-derived infections of numerous etiologies, including West Nile virus infection, Chagas disease, toxoplasmosis, rabies, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, and infection due to Brucella species have been reported. Most zoonoses occur as a primary infection after transplantation, and immunocompromised patients are more likely to experience significant morbidity and mortality from these infections. Risks of zoonotic infection in the posttransplantation period could be reduced by patient education. Increased recognition of the risks of zoonoses, as well as the advent of molecular biology-based testing, will potentially augment diagnostic aptitude. Documented zoonotic infection as it affects transplantation will be the primary focus of this review.

Características clínico-epidemiológicas de la estrongiloidiasis en pacientes portadores de co-morbilidades

“…Éstas pueden ser resultado de una infección primaria adquirida, por exposición posttrasplante o por reactivación de una infección latente 19 . La estrongiloidiasis en pacientes que recibieron un trasplante tiene importancia debido a que el tratamiento inmunosupresor genera que sean más susceptibles a desarrollar la infección o sus formas graves en pacientes ya infectados, como por ejemplo, síndrome de hiperinfección (presencia de gran cantidad de parásitos en un mismo órgano, en general intestino) y la forma diseminada (afectación de múltiples órganos) 20 .…”

Brucellosis in Immunocompromised Hosts

“…The approach to screening of organ donors varies according to the: (1) national and regional regulations, (2) availability of certain microbiological assays or tests in the transplantation center, and (3) epidemiology of infections in the region, particularly endemic infections such as brucellosis [113]. The infections that can be transmitted by SOT are included in Table 1, [104,105,[114][115][116][117].…”

“…Infectious pathogens may be carried by the graft or by transfusion of blood products during or after transplantation [117]. Transmission of tropical infectious diseases occurs through 3 main routes: (1) donor-derived infections, (2) reactivation of old or latent infections such as tuberculosis or brucellosis, or (3) de novo transmission occurring during the post-transplant period.…”

“…Transmission of tropical infectious diseases occurs through 3 main routes: (1) donor-derived infections, (2) reactivation of old or latent infections such as tuberculosis or brucellosis, or (3) de novo transmission occurring during the post-transplant period. Also, infections caused by bacterial pathogens can occur once corticosteroids, mycophenolate mofetil and rituximab are prescribed [114,117].…”

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis causing abscesses in a 31-year-old patient in the post-immunosuppression period after allogeneic HSCT

“…5 Concerning the risk of bacteremias owing to enteric infection, solid organ transplant recipients have higher rates ranging as high as 70% compared with 3-4% in normal hosts and a higher rate of metastatic focus of infection. 6 A recommended periodic assessment of CD4 cell counts or immunoglobulin levels every 3-4 months after transplantation is recommended by some authors. 7 Large-scale retrospective studies have confirmed that the risk of secondary cancers is 3-13 times as high among patients who underwent SCT as among the age-matched control population.…”