Brucellosis in Immunocompromised Hosts

Ka, Al-Anazi; Al-Jasser, Asma M.

doi:10.17352/aot.000001

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 218 publications

(463 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…If feasible, infected animals should be destroyed and properly disposed of. However, multi-drug regimens could be tried [ 69 , 95 , 96 ]. Treatment failure and relapse rates can be high and depend on the drug combination and compliance [ 69 ].…”

Section: Main Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Treatment failure and relapse rates can be high and depend on the drug combination and compliance [ 69 ]. Despite several studies on the use of antibiotics for the management of brucellosis, no conclusive evidence supporting an optimal strategy for antimicrobial therapy has been reported [ 69 , 96 ]. The treatment for acute brucellosis recommended by the world health organization is oral doxycycline (100 mg twice a day) and oral rifampin (600 to 900 mg/d) for 6 weeks [ 97 ], but this regimen is not to be followed in cases complicated by spondylitis and tuberculosis due to the possibility of resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis [ 98 , 99 ].…”

Section: Main Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Overview of Brucellosis in Nepal

Acharya¹,

Niroula²,

Kaphle³

2016

Epidemiol Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVESThe aim of this paper is to evaluate the current status of the disease, the mechanism of infection, and pathogenesis, its zoonotic potential, diagnostic advances, treatment regimens, and the preventive measures that can be adopted in managing human brucellosis in under-developed countries such as Nepal. METHODSWe performed a systematic review of all the available literture through Google Scholar, PubMed, Gideon Informatics, World Health Organization and other legitimate sources. Other secondary informations were collected from the government agencies such as department of livestock services and Ministry of Health. The obtained information was then re-analysed and summarized. RESULTSFew publications have addressed brucellosis in Nepal and most of those publications have focused on bovine brucellosis with sparse information available on brucellosis in humans and small ruminants. Brucella abortus is the most predominant causative agent followed by B. suis. B. abortus is predominant in cattle accounting for a substantial portion of bovine abortion in the country. Lack of awareness, unhealthy food habit, traditional husbandry practices, and a lack of surveillance and immunization have been the major factors in maintaining a vicious cycle of propagation of the disease in human and animals. Unfortunately, nothing has been done to identify the species of Brucella at the biovar level. CONCLUSIONSAlthough brucellosis has been reported to be endemic in Nepal, neither the distribution nor the economic and public health impact of this disease is well characterized. Robust and well-designed nationwide survey is warranted to assess the prevalence and distribution of disease in livestock and humans. Such data would facilitate the design of appropriate control programmes.

show abstract

Section: Main Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Main Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Brucellosis in Nepal

Acharya¹,

Niroula²,

Kaphle³

2016

Epidemiol Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In brucellosis, it is known that the age of the patient and his comorbidities relate to the outcome. According to the literature, the average duration of the disease before diagnosis and treatment in adults is 40 days; however, in patients with osteoarticular diseases, it can be longer [ 6 ]. It is recommended that if there is a high suspicion of brucellosis, the physician should order a longer culture incubation that may range from 5 to 10 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sources of infections in SOT recipients can be before and after transplantation, some of them including donor-derived infections, blood transfusion, reactivation of old infection, and new infections [ 5 ]. In transplant patients, this infection has a variable incubation period (days to months) and can present acutely, in a chronic form, as subclinical or asymptomatic, or as a severe systemic infection posing a real diagnostic challenge to the physician [ 6 ]. Initially, there can beundulant fever, diaphoresis, malaise, and weight loss; however, osteoarticular involvement is the most frequent focal complication [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the management of each patient must be individualized. However, despite adequate treatment, some patients with the severe compromised immune system may have fatal outcomes or recurrent disease [ 6 ]. We report a case of a patient with a hepatic transplant 11 years ago who presented with brucellosis, after consuming unpasteurized bovine milk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fatal Brucellosis Infection in a Liver Transplant Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Piedrahita

Martinez-Valencia

Rojas

et al. 2021

Case Reports in Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Brucellosis is the most common zoonosis, particularly in developing countries. The true incidence of human brucellosis is unknown. The WHO points out that 500,000 cases of brucellosis are reported each year from around the world. In Colombia, there is currently no regular surveillance of the event in humans and its prevalence is low due a low clinical suspicion. We report a case of a 66-year-old man, an urban merchant, who had received a liver transplant 11 years ago. The patient presented to the emergency department for two months of fatigue, severe myalgia, paresis of the extremities, loss of muscle strength, and progressive deterioration of functional class. In the emergency room, he became disoriented and was transferred to the intensive-care unit. He had a white blood cell count of 18990/uL and creatine phosphokinase 10302 U/L. Routine blood cultures were positive for Brucella melitensis. The patient reported consumption of unpasteurized bovine milk. He was treated with doxycycline and ciprofloxacin. Despite antibiotic management, after one month of hospitalization and in the context of septic shock with multiorgan failure, the patient died. Brucellosis is an unsuspected and underdiagnosed disease. It can occur in people with or without risk factors. Although the mortality is low, immunocompromised patients can develop fatal infections. A presumptive diagnosis can be established through the correlation of patient history and classic laboratory findings, which include transaminitis, anemia, and leukopenia with relative lymphocytosis; however, other findings can help us to guide the diagnosis, such as rhabdomyolysis, which appears as a complication in different infections; however, it had not been described before in brucellosis. A partnership between clinical suspicion laboratory diagnostic tests and improved disease surveillance systems is necessary to fight the disease.

show abstract