Zonulin and Iron Metabolism in Heart Transplant Recipients

Przybyłowski, Piotr; Nowak, Emmanuel; Janik, L.; Wasilewski, Grzegorz; Kozlowska, S.; Małyszko, J.

doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.09.041

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Similarly, in heart transplant recipients zonulin correlated with hemoglobin, but was not related to iron status. In addition, kidney function, immunosuppressive regimen, NYHA class, gender, and presence of anemia did not affect zonulin level [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Iron Status and Inflammation in Early Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease

Łukaszyk¹,

Łukaszyk²,

Koc-Żórawska³

et al. 2015

Kidney Blood Press Res

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Background/Aims: One of the most common causes of anemia of chronic disease (ACD) is chronic kidney disease. The main pathomechanism responsible for ACD is subclinical inflammation. The key element involved in iron metabolism is hepcidin, however, studies on new indices of iron status are in progress.The aim of the study was to assess the iron status in patients in early stages of chronic kidney disease, iron correlation with inflammation parameters and novel biomarkers of iron metabolism. Methods: The study included 69 patients. Standard laboratory measurements were used to measure the iron status, complete blood count, fibrinogen, prothrombin index, C-reactive protein concentration (CRP), creatinine, urea, uric acid. Commercially available kits were used to measure high-sensitivity CRP, interleukin 6 (IL-6), hepcidin-25, hemojuvelin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and zonulin. Results: Absolute iron deficiency was present in 17% of the patients, functional iron deficiency was present in 12% of the patients. Functional iron deficiency was associated with significantly higher serum levels of fibrinogen, ferritin, transferrin saturation, total iron binding capacity, hepcidin and older age relative to patients with absolute iron deficiency. In comparison with patients without iron deficiency, patients with functional iron deficiency were older, with lower prothrombin index, higher fibrinogen, CRP, hsCRP, sTfR, GDF-15, urea and lower eGFR. Hepcidin was predicted by markers of inflammation:ferritin, fibrinogen and IL-6. Conclusion: Inflammation is correlated with iron status. Novel biomarkers of iron metabolism might be useful to distinguish iron deficiency anemia connected with inflammation and absolute iron deficiency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Iron Status and Inflammation in Early Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease

Łukaszyk¹,

Łukaszyk²,

Koc-Żórawska³

et al. 2015

Kidney Blood Press Res

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“…However, zonulin was not related to iron parameters studied. Zonulin concentration was also measured in heart transplant recipients [ 15 ] and was significantly lower than in the healthy volunteers. In both studies, zonulin was not related to any of the iron status parameters that is consistent with the results of our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both studies, zonulin was not related to any of the iron status parameters that is consistent with the results of our study. Authors suggest that low zonulin concentration might occur due to impaired defensive mechanisms caused by immunosuppressive therapy [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zonulin, inflammation and iron status in patients with early stages of chronic kidney disease

Łukaszyk

Koc-Żórawska

et al. 2017

Int Urol Nephrol

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Background/aimsZonulin is the only known regulator of intestinal permeability. It is also considered as a potential inflammatory marker in several conditions such as diabetes and inflammatory bowel syndrome. The aim of the study was to investigate zonulin levels in patients with early stages of CKD and its possible correlation with inflammation, anemia and iron status parameters.MethodsEighty-eight patients with early stages of CKD and 23 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Zonulin, hepcidin-25, soluble transferrin receptor, interleukin-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were measured using commercially available assays.ResultsZonulin was significantly lower among patients with CKD in comparison with healthy volunteers. There were no statistically significant differences in zonulin concentration between patients with and without inflammation. Zonulin was significantly correlated with hepcidin only in patients with inflammation. Zonulin was neither related to iron nor related to ferritin.ConclusionsZonulin cannot be considered as an inflammatory marker in CKD. It does not play a role in the disturbances of iron metabolism in CKD. Its physiological role remains to be elucidated.

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“…The presence of low levels of zonulin and LBP in pregnant women with preeclampsia may suggest a defect in the immune system. Several studies suggested that opening the paracellular pathway by zonulin serves as a defense mechanism, preventing bacterial colonization in the small intestine by exposing microorganisms to the natural immune system ( 13 , 14 ). Another study, by Hunt et al, showed that low zonulin levels may be a result of intestinal epithelial cell death, and that they were a strong predictor of mortality in immunocompromised patients ( 15 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evaluation of Intestinal Permeability in Preeclamptic Pregnancy

Mutluoglu¹,

Yay²,

lsever³

et al. 2023

Mater Sociomed

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Background: Zonulin is a physiological protein that regulates the tight connections and permeability of the intestine, serving as a biomarker for impaired intestinal permeability. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine zonulin levels in preeclampsia, to investigate its associations with the cellular immune response marker soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and exogenous antigen load marker lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and to evaluate the implications of these findings in the etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia. Methods: We designed a cross-sectional case-control study and enrolled 22 pregnant women with preeclampsia and 22 healthy pregnant controls. Plasma zonulin levels were determined by ELISA. Serum sIL-2R and LBP levels were assessed by chemiluminescent immunometric methods. Results: Women with preeclampsia had lower levels of plasma zonulin and serum LBP than normotensive healthy controls (p<0,05). The difference in serum sIL-2R levels was not significant (p: 0,751). There was a negative correlation between plasma zonulin and serum urea (r: -0.319, p: 0.035) and a positive correlation between serum sIL-2R and ALT (r: 0,335, p: 0,026) and AST (r: 0,319, p: 0,035). Conclusion: We found that zonulin and LBP, but not sIL-2R, levels were significantly lower in pregnant women with preeclampsia as compared with healthy pregnant controls. Reduced intestinal permeability in preeclampsia might be associated with impaired immune system functions or a lower fat mass and malnutrition. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact pathogenetic role of intestinal permeability in preeclampsia.

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Zonulin and Iron Metabolism in Heart Transplant Recipients

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Iron Status and Inflammation in Early Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease

Iron Status and Inflammation in Early Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease

Zonulin, inflammation and iron status in patients with early stages of chronic kidney disease

The Evaluation of Intestinal Permeability in Preeclamptic Pregnancy

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