ZnS as fire retardant in plasticised PVC

Schartel, Bernhard; Kunze, R.; Neubert, D.; Tidjani, Adams

doi:10.1002/pi.845.abs

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…1a In comparison with those of neat EP, the onset and maximum degradation temperatures of the ZnS/EP nanocomposite were decreased due to the catalytic degradation of ZnS. 8,16 After introducing GNS into EP matrix, the onset and maximum degradation temperatures were slightly lower than those of the pure EP, which is attributed to the high heat conductivity of GNS. 17 However, the ZnS/GNS/EP nanocomposite presents a similar degradation behavior to that of the pure EP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…As far as the char yield is concerned, the char residue at 700°C is significantly improved when the ZnS or ZnS/GNS was incorporated, owning to a catalytic carbonization effect of ZnS. 8,16 The improved char yield provides a protective shield of mass and heat transfer between air and EP matrix, which can slow down the heat release rate during combustion. 7 From the DTG curves ( Figure 4C), the addition of ZnS/GNS notably decreases the maximum mass loss rate (the peak of DTG curve) for the ZnS/GNS/EP composite, suggesting that GNS functions as an effective mass-transport barrier.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 A synergy of action between Sb 2 O 3 and ZnS has been observed for flame retardance and smoke suppression in poly(vinyl chloride). 8 Inspired by this, a combination of graphene and ZnS has been evaluated for the flame retardant effect in epoxy resin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of ZnS Decorated Graphene Sheets for Reducing Fire Hazards of Epoxy Composites

Jiang

Bai

Tang

et al. 2014

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Graphene sheets were successfully decorated with ZnS by a facile hydrothermal route, with the purpose of combining their excellent physical and chemical characteristics for fire safety applications in an epoxy matrix. The incorporation of 2.0 wt % ZnS decorated graphene sheets provided fire retardant properties to epoxy resin, testified by the results of microscale combustion calorimetry and cone calorimetry. Moreover, the amount of organic volatiles from epoxy resin decomposition was significantly reduced, and the formation of toxic CO was suppressed, impling a reduced fire hazard. This dramatically reduced fire hazard was primarily attributed to a synergistic effect between ZnS and graphene. During the combustion process, ZnS may act to catalyze carbonization of degradation products. Meanwhile, graphene can function as a physical barrier to absorb degradation products and extend contact time with ZnS catalyst. Degradation products continually collect on the graphene, which serves as a template for the formation of microchar.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Synthesis of ZnS Decorated Graphene Sheets for Reducing Fire Hazards of Epoxy Composites

Jiang

Bai

Tang

et al. 2014

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…4. 8 As shown in Fig. 13 And the second stage mainly involves cyclization of conjugated polyene sequences to form aromatic compounds.…”

Section: Thermal Stability Of Exible Pvc Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Qu et al proved that Sb 2 O 3 and zinc hydroxylstannate (ZHS) had a synergistic effect on the ame retardancy of exible PVC. In a cone calorimeter study investigated by Shen, in exible PVC, partial replacement of antimony oxide with the zinc borate (ZB) reduced not only the peak of heat release rate (PHRR), but also the carbon monoxide production drastically at a heat ux of 35 kW m À2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-step hydrothermal synthesis of nano zinc carbonate and its use as a promising substitute for antimony trioxide in flame retardant flexible poly(vinyl chloride)

Pan

Wang

2015

RSC Adv.

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In this article, zinc carbonate with a nano size (nano ZnCO 3 ) was prepared by the reaction of zinc nitrite and urea in a one step hydrothermal synthesis. The effects of antimony trioxide (Sb 2 O 3 ), nano ZnCO 3 and their mixture with different weight ratios on the flame retardancy of flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) were studied by using a limiting oxygen index test (LOI), a vertical burning test (UL-94) and a cone calorimeter test (CCT). The thermal stability of flame retardant flexible PVC composites was detected by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Very interestingly, it was found that substituting 75% Sb 2 O 3 with nano ZnCO 3 in the flexible PVC obviously improved the dripping behavior in a UL-94 test, increased the LOI value and greatly reduced the peak heat release rate and total heat release simultaneously in comparison to using them separately, suggesting a significant synergistic effect between nano ZnCO 3 and Sb 2 O 3 on improving the flame retardancy of flexible PVC. Importantly, tensile tests showed the addition of nano ZnCO 3 significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of flexible PVC. This work has offered a new approach to develop low or non Sb 2 O 3 containing flame retardant flexible PVC composites.

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The rapid mass calorimeter: A route to high throughput fire testing

Rabe

Schartel

2017

Fire and Materials

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Summary The rapid mass calorimeter based on reduced‐size specimens is proposed for accelerated fire testing and put up for discussion, particularly for flame retarded polymeric materials. A mass loss calorimeter is combined with a semiautomatic sample changer. Experiments on specimens of reduced size were conducted on poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(propylene), polyamide 66, poly(ether ether ketone), and pine sapwood square samples with edge lengths of 100, 75, 50, 25, 20, and 10 mm. Specimens of 20 × 20 mm2 were selected to achieve a crucial reduction in specimen size and a measuring protocol developed. A total of 71 different polymeric materials were investigated in the rapid mass calorimeter and cone calorimeter for comparison and several materials with different heat release rate characteristics in the pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter to test this additional screening method as well. The important fire properties obtained in the rapid mass calorimeter show reasonable correlation with the cone calorimeter results but also with the oxygen index. All in all, the rapid mass calorimeter produces reliable and meaningful results and, despite acceleration and size reduction, still allows for a certain degree of burning behavior interpretation. Material savings of 96% and time savings of around 60%‐70% are achieved compared to measure cone calorimeter.

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ZnS as fire retardant in plasticised PVC

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Synthesis of ZnS Decorated Graphene Sheets for Reducing Fire Hazards of Epoxy Composites

Synthesis of ZnS Decorated Graphene Sheets for Reducing Fire Hazards of Epoxy Composites

One-step hydrothermal synthesis of nano zinc carbonate and its use as a promising substitute for antimony trioxide in flame retardant flexible poly(vinyl chloride)

The rapid mass calorimeter: A route to high throughput fire testing

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