ZnO nanowire-FET for charge-based sensing of protein biomolecules

Ditshego, Nonofo M.J.; Ghazali, Nor Azlin; Ebert, Martin; Zeimpekis, Ioannis; Ashburn, P.; Planque, Maurits R.R. de; Chong, Harold M. H.

doi:10.1109/nano.2015.7388733

Cited by 5 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Assumption (a) has been widely experimentally evidenced for biosensing and pH sensing. 30,35,70,119,180 Assumption (b) has been shown to be approximately the case for pH sensing and assuming a consistent oxide material between devices. 181,182 As a result of this, pH sensing FET Sensitivity can be predicted via eqn (9) prior to pH sensing experiments simply by measuring the subthreshold slope and using knowledge of the oxide material.…”

Section: Data Analysis Of Responses In Streptavidin and Ph Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-effect sensors – from pH sensing to biosensing: sensitivity enhancement using streptavidin–biotin as a model system

Lowe

Sun

Zeimpekis

et al. 2017

Analyst

131

107

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a Field-Effect Transistor sensors (FET-sensors) have been receiving increasing attention for biomolecular sensing over the last two decades due to their potential for ultra-high sensitivity sensing, label-free operation, cost reduction and miniaturisation. Whilst the commercial application of FET-sensors in pH sensing has been realised, their commercial application in biomolecular sensing (termed BioFETs) is hindered by poor understanding of how to optimise device design for highly reproducible operation and high sensitivity. In part, these problems stem from the highly interdisciplinary nature of the problems encountered in this field, in which knowledge of biomolecular-binding kinetics, surface chemistry, electrical double layer physics and electrical engineering is required. In this work, a quantitative analysis and critical review has been performed comparing literature FET-sensor data for pH-sensing with data for sensing of biomolecular streptavidin binding to surface-bound biotin systems. The aim is to provide the first systematic, quantitative comparison of BioFET results for a single biomolecular analyte, specifically streptavidin, which is the most commonly used model protein in biosensing experiments, and often used as an initial proofof-concept for new biosensor designs. This novel quantitative and comparative analysis of the surface potential behaviour of a range of devices demonstrated a strong contrast between the trends observed in pH-sensing and those in biomolecule-sensing. Potential explanations are discussed in detail and surfacechemistry optimisation is shown to be a vital component in sensitivity-enhancement. Factors which can influence the response, yet which have not always been fully appreciated, are explored and practical suggestions are provided on how to improve experimental design.

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Section: Data Analysis Of Responses In Streptavidin and Ph Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-effect sensors – from pH sensing to biosensing: sensitivity enhancement using streptavidin–biotin as a model system

Lowe

Sun

Zeimpekis

et al. 2017

Analyst

131

107

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“…Four different environments were measured: AIR, PBS, lysozyme from chicken white (LYSO: Fluka 62970), bovine serum albumin (BSA: Sigma A3059) [5]. Measurements were carried out in air, then in liquid and then in air again.…”

Section: Procedures For Protein Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanism of the protein adsorption on the Al 2 O 3 surface is in equilibrium with the protein concentration in solution. Table 1: Experimental procedure that describes the sequence of measuring the low doped biosensor for four different environments (AIR, PBS, lysozyme from chicken white (LYSO: Fluka 62970), bovine serum albumin (BSA: Sigma A3059)) [5].…”

Section: Procedures For Protein Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly Sensitive ZnO NWFET Biosensor Fabricated Using Top-Down Processes

Ditshego

2018

JNanoR

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A highly sensitive low-doped ZnO nanowire field effect transistor (NWFET) biosensor has been fabricated and measured. The low doped biosensor with NWFET transducer was used to sense charge of the following substances: lysozyme (LYSO), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), bovine serum albumin (BSA). It achieved maximum sensitivity of -543.2 % for the PBS-LYSO protein and 13,069 % for the PBS-BSA protein. These results were achieved because the electrical measurement and characterisation was focused on the charge effect of the LYSO and BSA acting on the ZnO nanowire subthreshold region. The nano-fabrication process is stable and reproducible. The high sensitivity of the ZnO NWFET biosensor can be exploited for selective analyte detection by functionalizing the nanowire surface with antibodies and/or other biomolecular probe molecules.

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“…Moreover, the NWFET channel length, width and thickness can be varied to meet a range of performance specifications [18]. Recent studies on this fabrication approach have shown good transistor performance and also demonstrated biosensor functionality [19], [20]. Further improvement on the NWFET characteristics has been achieved by reducing the nanowire surface roughness, which is known to have a significant effect on the electrical properties of nanowires [21], [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multichannel ZnO nanowire field effect transistors by lift-off process

et al. 2018

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This paper describes a new, low-cost, top-down fabrication process, which makes it possible to define nanowire field effect transistor arrays with different numbers of nanowires simultaneously and systematically comparing their electrical performance. The main feature of this process is a developed bilayer photoresist pattern with a retrograde profile, which enables the modification of the nanowire in width, length, height and the number of transistor channels. The approach is compatible with low-cost manufacture without electron beam lithography, and benefits from process temperatures below 190 °C. Process reliability has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Electrical measurements demonstrate enhancement mode transistors, which show a scalable correlation between the number of nanowires and the electrical characteristics. Devices with 100 nanowires exhibit the best performance with a high field effect mobility of 11.0 cm Vs, on/off current ratio of 3.97 × 10 and subthreshold swing of 0.66 V dec.

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ZnO nanowire-FET for charge-based sensing of protein biomolecules

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Field-effect sensors – from pH sensing to biosensing: sensitivity enhancement using streptavidin–biotin as a model system

Field-effect sensors – from pH sensing to biosensing: sensitivity enhancement using streptavidin–biotin as a model system

Highly Sensitive ZnO NWFET Biosensor Fabricated Using Top-Down Processes

Multichannel ZnO nanowire field effect transistors by lift-off process

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