ZnO Nanotube Arrays as Biosensors for Glucose

Yang, Kun; She, Guangwei; Wang, Hui; Ou, Xuemei; Zhang, Shun; Lee, Chun‐Sing; Lee, Shuit‐Tong

doi:10.1021/jp901894j

Cited by 191 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] During the past decade, different 1D ZnO nanostructures such as nanotubes, [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] nanowires, 1 nanorods, 16 nanobelts, 17,18 tetrapods, 19 and nanoribbons 20 have been successfully fabricated by different methods. Among these 1D structures, the tubular structures of ZnO become particularly important since numerous applications, such as dye-sensitized photovoltaic cells 21 and bio/ gas sensors, 22,23 are required their high porosity and large surface area to fulfill the demand for high efficiency and activity. Although the synthesis of ZnO nanotubes ͑ZNTs͒ have been successfully realized by a few groups, the systematical investigations on their optical properties, especially temperature-dependent photoluminescence ͑PL͒ and timeresolved PL ͑TRPL͒, are still limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect optical transition due to surface band bending in ZnO nanotubes

Yang

Zhao

Israr

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Physics

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ZnO nanotubes ͑ZNTs͒ have been successfully evolved from ZnO nanorods ͑ZNRs͒ by a simple chemical etching process. Two peaks located at 382 and 384 nm in the UV emission region has been observed in the room temperature photoluminescence ͑PL͒ spectrum of ZNTs since the surface band bending in ZNTs induces the coexistence of indirect and direct transitions in their emission process. In addition, a strong enhancement of total luminescence intensity at room temperature in ZNTs has also be observed in comparison with that of ZNRs. Both temperature-dependent PL and time-resolved PL results not only further testify the coexistence of indirect and direct transitions due to the surface band bending but also reveal that less nonradiative contribution to the emission process in ZNTs finally causes their stronger luminescence intensity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect optical transition due to surface band bending in ZnO nanotubes

Yang

Zhao

Israr

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…The APS-treated glucose sensor exhibited the highest sensitivity and lowest K M app , which was attributed to the APS-treated ZnO nanowires containing the largest number of C-N Immobilizing GOx on more complex ZnO nanostructures as working electrodes to detect glucose has also been investigated [12,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Yang et al [37] prepared a highly oriented single-crystal ZnO nanotube array (Fig. 2d) through a two-step electrochemical/chemical process, on indium-doped tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass in aqueous solution.…”

Section: Science China Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnO nanostructures in enzyme biosensors

et al. 2015

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Biosensing has developed tremendously since it was demonstrated by Leland C. Clark Jr. in 1962. ZnO nanomaterials are attractive candidates for fabricating biosensors, because of their diverse range of nanostructures, high electron mobility, chemical stability, electrochemical activity, high isoelectric points which promote enzyme adsorption, biocompatibility, and piezoelectric properties. This review covers ZnO nanostructures applied in enzyme biosensors, in the light of electrochemical transduction and field effect transduction. Different assembly processes and immobilization methods have been used to load enzymes into various ZnO nanostructures, providing enzymes with favorable micro-environments and enhancing their sensing performance. We briefly describe recent trends in ZnO syntheses, and the analytical performance of the fabricated biosensors, summarize the advantages of using ZnO nanostructures in biosensors, and conclude with future challenges and prospects.

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“…There have been reports on the use of tubular ZnO structures as amperometric extracellular glucose biosensors with improved performance and higher sensitivity compared to ZnO nanorods and nanowires [34,35]. It has also been reported that the low IEP enzyme GOD binds well on the ZnO nanoporous material [36], resulting in enhanced sensitivity of the glucose biosensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An intracellular glucose biosensor based on nanoflake ZnO

Fulati

Ali

Asif

et al. 2010

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

121

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Abstract:In this study, a potentiometric intracellular glucose biosensor was fabricated by immobilization of glucose oxidase on nanoflake ZnO. Nanoflake ZnO with a wall thickness around 200 nm was grown on the tip of a borosilicate glass capillary and used as a selective intracellular glucose biosensor for the measurement of glucose concentrations in human adipocytes and frog oocytes. The results showed a fast response within 4 s and a logarithmic linear glucose-dependent electrochemical potential difference over a wide range of glucose concentration (500 nM-10 mM). Our measurements of intracellular glucose were consistent with the values of intracellular glucose concentrations reported in the literature. The monitoring capability of the sensor was demonstrated by following the increase in the intracellular glucose concentration induced by insulin in frog oocytes. In addition, the nanoflake ZnO material provided 1.8 times higher sensitivity than previously used ZnO nanorods under the same conditions. Moreover, the fabrication method in our experiment is simple and the resulting nanosensor showed good performance in sensitivity, stability, selectivity, reproducibility, and anti-interference. All these results demonstrate that the nanoflake ZnO can provide a promising material for reliable measurements of intracellular glucose concentrations within single living cells. Key Words:Glucose oxidase (GOD), Intracellular, Potentiometric biosensor, Nanoflake ZnO, Nafion membrane Among all glucose biosensors, enzyme-based electrochemical glucose biosensors have been in the main focus of biosensor research because of their simplicity, relatively low cost, and high sensitivity [14][15][16]. The intrinsic advantages of electrochemical biosensors are their robustness, easy miniaturization, excellent detection limits, also with small sample volumes, and ability to be used in 3 turbid biofluids. In enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors, enzyme immobilization is regarded to be one of the most important issues. Since proper immobilization of enzymes on a suitable matrix and their stability are important factors in the fabrication of biosensors, the search of support materials that provide large surface area for higher enzyme loading and a compatible microenvironment that helps enzyme bioactivity is thus of great importance.Recently, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures have attracted considerable interest in the applications of biosensors due to many advantages, including non-toxicity, bio-safety, excellent biological compatibility, high electron-transfer rates, enhanced analytical performance, increased sensitivity, and easy preparation [17][18][19][20][21][22]. In addition, it is important to note that ZnO is relatively stable around biological pH-values, which makes ZnO compatible with biological fluids and species [23].Furthermore, the high isoelectric point (IEP) of ZnO (IEP 9.5) makes it a good matrix for immobilizing low IEP acidic proteins or DNA by electrostatic interactions with high binding stability [24][25][26]. This wi...

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ZnO Nanotube Arrays as Biosensors for Glucose

Cited by 191 publications

References 32 publications

Indirect optical transition due to surface band bending in ZnO nanotubes

Indirect optical transition due to surface band bending in ZnO nanotubes

ZnO nanostructures in enzyme biosensors

An intracellular glucose biosensor based on nanoflake ZnO

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