ZnO as a material mostly adapted for the realization of room-temperature polariton lasers

Zamfirescu, M.; Kavokin, Alexey; Gil, Bernard; Malpuech, Guillaume; Kaliteevski, M. A.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.65.161205

Cited by 363 publications

(197 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…[19][20][21] It has been predicted that due to photon confinement, the light-matter interaction should be enhanced in ZnO nanostructures. 22 Recently, we have studied the excitation spectrum of ZnO nanowires. This work showed that in a nanowire geometry, excitonic light absorption is governed by strong exciton-photon coupling, even at room temperature.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nature of Sub-Band Gap Luminescent Eigenmodes in a ZnO Nanowire

et al. 2007

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The emission spectrum of individual high-quality ZnO nanowires consists of a series of Fabry−Pérot-like eigenmodes that extend far below the band gap of ZnO. Spatially resolved luminescence spectroscopy shows that light is emitted predominantly at both wire ends, with identical spectra reflecting standing wave polariton eigenmodes. The intensity of the modes increases supralinearly with the excitation intensity, indicating that the mode population is governed by scattering among polaritons. Due to strong light−matter interaction, light emission from a ZnO nanowire is not dictated by the electronic band diagram of ZnO but depends also on the wire geometry and the excitation intensity. Delocalized polaritons provide a natural explanation for the pronounced subwavelength guiding in ZnO wires that has been reported previously.

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confidence: 99%

Nature of Sub-Band Gap Luminescent Eigenmodes in a ZnO Nanowire

et al. 2007

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“…Here, GaN and ZnO are the most prominent candidates that are considered for high temperature applications. ZnO offers some advantages, since it reveals the largest exciton oscillator strength of the technologically relevant semiconductors, about three times larger than that of GaN [9,17], and its exciton binding energy is about twice the thermal energy at RT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strong coupling of light and matter in microresonators has been intensively investigated in the last few decades since it forms new bosonic quasi-particles, so-called exciton-polaritons [1]- [9]. These particles are characterized by dispersion branches, in the simplest way an upper and a lower polariton branch (UPB and LPB).…”

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confidence: 99%

Observation of strong exciton–photon coupling at temperatures up to 410 K

Sturm¹,

Hilmer

Schmidt‐Grund

et al. 2009

New J. Phys.

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“…The high exciton binding energy of ZnO at room temperature makes it a promising material for polariton lasers. [6][7][8] Among nanomaterials, a nanowire has the additional advantage of propagating these photon-exciton pairs due to better optical and carrier confinement. 9,10 However, the possibility of generating exciton-photon pairs by two-photon absorption process is not yet reported in ZnO nanowire.…”

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Resonance enhancement of optical second harmonic generation in a ZnO nanowire

Prasanth

Vugt

Vanmaekelbergh

et al. 2006

Applied Physics Letters

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Two-photon absorption measurement has been carried out in a single 80 nmϫ 10 m ZnO nanowire using femtosecond laser pulses in the wavelength range of 700-800 nm. In addition to the deep-level green emission around 530 nm due to surface defects and the near band-edge ultraviolet emission around 360 nm due to the exciton, a second harmonic peak has been observed. The strength of the frequency-doubled component is found to enhance while the two-photon absorption wavelength is tuned towards the exciton wavelength of the nanowire. This behavior can be ascribed to the resonant exciton absorption in ZnO nanowires. © 2006 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.2200230͔Semiconductor nanocrystals have attracted much interest due to their fundamental importance in bridging the gap between bulk matter and molecular species. Zinc oxide is a remarkable II-VI semiconductor with potential applications owing to its diverse properties. 1 The combination of high excitonic and biexcitonic oscillator strength and good high temperature characteristics make ZnO a promising material for optical applications. 2 It has been used as a visible and ultraviolet photoconductor and as fluorescent material, apart from its usefulness in optical waveguides, acousto-optic devices, thin film transistors, etc. 3,4 Its wide band gap of 3.37 eV at room temperature makes ZnO suitable for shortwavelength optoelectronic devices, including light-emitting diodes ͑LEDs͒ and laser diodes ͑LDs͒. ZnO has a high exciton binding energy of 60 meV, which renders it more applicable for making room-temperature UV laser devices. 5 Small-diameter ZnO nanowires are expected to further lower the lasing threshold because quantum effects result in enhancement of density of states near the band edges and radiative recombination due to carrier confinement. The high exciton binding energy of ZnO at room temperature makes it a promising material for polariton lasers. 6-8 Among nanomaterials, a nanowire has the additional advantage of propagating these photon-exciton pairs due to better optical and carrier confinement. 9,10 However, the possibility of generating exciton-photon pairs by two-photon absorption process is not yet reported in ZnO nanowire. The goal of our research is to investigate the prospect to generate polariton modes that has huge importance for quantum optics and optical information transfer in photonic circuits. High optical nonlinearity due to the unequal atomic size of Zn and O is reported by Levine. 11 The acentrically located bond charge contributes a homopolar energy gap. Since nonlinear susceptibility is more sensitive to the crystal potentials, ZnO is found to be highly nonlinear. This high optical nonlinearity produces second harmonic photon, while the two-photon absorption creates excitons in ZnO nanowire. By tuning the second harmonic photon energy towards the exciton resonance, an enhancement in second harmonic generation ͑SHG͒ is revealed in the present investigation.The II-VI semiconductors are efficient second harmonic generators sin...

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ZnO as a material mostly adapted for the realization of room-temperature polariton lasers

Cited by 363 publications

References 17 publications

Nature of Sub-Band Gap Luminescent Eigenmodes in a ZnO Nanowire

Nature of Sub-Band Gap Luminescent Eigenmodes in a ZnO Nanowire

Observation of strong exciton–photon coupling at temperatures up to 410 K

Resonance enhancement of optical second harmonic generation in a ZnO nanowire

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