Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

Abstract

Zn/F co-doped SnO2 nanoparticles with a mean diameter of less than 15 nm and a narrow size distribution were synthesized by a one-step laser pyrolysis technique using a reactive mixture containing tetramethyltin (SnMe4) and diethylzinc (ZnEt2) vapors, diluted Ar, O2 and SF6. Their structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties are reported in this work. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the nanoparticles possess a tetragonal SnO2 crystalline structure. The main diffraction patterns of stannous fluoride (SnF2) were also identified and a reduction in intensity with increasing Zn percentage was evidenced. For the elemental composition estimation, energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were performed. In general, both analyses showed that the Zn percentage increases with increasing ZnEt2 flow, accompanied at the same time by a decrease in the amount of F in the nanopowders when the same SF6 flow was employed. The Raman spectra of the nanoparticles show the influence of both Zn and F content and crystallite size. The fluorine presence is due to the catalytic partial decomposition of the SF6 laser energy transfer agent. In direct correlation with the increase in the Zn doping level, the bandgap of co-doped nanoparticles shifts to lower energy (from 3.55 to 2.88 eV for the highest Zn dopant concentration).

Design and synthesis of multifaceted dicyanomethylene rhodanine linked thiophene: a SnOx–perovskite dual interface modifier facilitating enhanced device performance through improved Fermi level alignment, defect passivation and reduced energy loss

“…Dumitrache et al have noticed a significant variation between EDX (fluorine atomic% ∼12.87%) and XPS (fluorine atomic% ∼27%) measurements of fluorine percentage on Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles. 39…”

“…Dumitrache et al have noticed a signicant variation between EDX (uorine atomic% ∼12.87%) and XPS (uorine atomic% ∼27%) measurements of uorine percentage on Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles. 39 The XPS measurements were performed to conrm both SnO x /AA6 interaction and perovskite/AA6 interaction. For SnO x / AA6 interaction, XPS was measured for SnO x , AA6 and SnO x /AA6 samples coated on the silicon substrate in order to eliminate the interaction of the ITO substrate (containing Sn and O) with AA6 and the corresponding survey scan is shown in Fig.…”

Nano-Modified Titanium Implant Materials: A Way Toward Improved Antibacterial Properties

“…On the one hand, NPs can be obtained from the atomic level and then integrated into the desired materials. The methods of this kind of synthesis include self assembly ( Zhang et al, 2019b ; Deng et al, 2020 ), laser pyrolysis ( Laurent et al, 2010 ; Dumitrache et al, 2019 ), condensation ( Sano et al, 2020 ), CVD ( Gutés et al, 2012 ; Tyurikova et al, 2020 ), sol-gel method ( Gonçalves, 2018 ), soft lithography ( Fu et al, 2018 ), hydrothermal methods ( Zhen et al, 2019 ; Moreira et al, 2020 ), microwave methods ( Henam et al, 2019 ), sonochemical ( Gupta and Srivastava, 2019 ; Moreira et al, 2020 ), synthesis using plant extracts ( Ogunyemi et al, 2019 ; Ranoszek-Soliwoda et al, 2019 ), and green synthesis ( Gour and Jain, 2019 ; Irshad et al, 2020 ). On the other hand, macroscopic level materials can be trimmed down to NPs by different methods, including mechanical grinding ( Sviridov et al, 2017 ; Haque et al, 2018 ), ball milling ( Li Y. et al, 2020 ), lithography ( Fu et al, 2018 ), vapor deposition ( Choi et al, 2018 ), arc-plasma deposition ( Ito et al, 2012 ; Takahashi et al, 2015 ), ion beam technique ( Heo and Gwag, 2014 ; Yang J. et al, 2018 ), severe plastic deformation ( Cui et al, 2018 ; Sarkari Khorrami et al, 2019 ), chemical etching ( Wareing et al, 2017 ; Pinna et al, 2020 ), sputtering ( Pišlová et al, 2020 ), and laser ablation ( Pandey et al, 2014 ; Abid et al, 2020 ).…”

Stability improvement of solution-processed IGZO TFTs by fluorine diffusion from a CYTOP passivation layer

“…F was gradually diffused up to the IGZO/SiO 2 interface by 350 • C annealing for 2 h. Figure 6 shows the F 1 s spectra of the XPS depth analysis from the back channel to the IGZO/SiO 2 interface of a-IGZO TFTs with CYTOP passivation. The F 1 s spectra of a-IGZO TFTs with CYTOP passivation were deconvoluted by two peaks: the M-F peak at 684.2 eV and the C-F peak at 688.0 eV based on the Gaussian distribution [28][29][30][31]. The C-F peak in the channel was reduced because most of the F in the channel was used to passivate V o ; furthermore, in the backchannel, some of the F was combined with the residues in IGZO due to the high amount of F diffused from CYTOP.…”

“…The C-F peak in the channel was reduced because most of the F in the channel was used to passivate V o ; furthermore, in the backchannel, some of the F was combined with the residues in IGZO due to the high amount of F diffused from CYTOP. FigureS4shows that the M-F peak was deconvoluted by three peaks: the In-F peak at 684.1 eV, the Zn-F peak at 684.2 eV, and the Ga-F peak at 685.1 eV[29][30][31]. However, the difference in combining the energy of In-F and Zn-F was only 0.1 eV; thus, it was hard to distinguish accurately.Figures7(a) and (b) show the O1 s spectra of a-IGZO TFTs with CYTOP and without CYTOP, respectively.…”