Design and synthesis of multifaceted dicyanomethylene rhodanine linked thiophene: a SnO_x–perovskite dual interface modifier facilitating enhanced device performance through improved Fermi level alignment, defect passivation and reduced energy loss

Abstract

In perovskite solar cells (PSC) the defect density at the charge selective layer (CSL)/perovskite absorber interface is always a few orders higher than that of the perovskite bulk due to...

Strain-less Perovskite Film Engineered by Interfacial Molecule for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

“…After surface modification, these peaks shift to slightly lower binding energies of 487.00 and 495.40 eV, respectively. This indicates that the electron density on Sn 4+ is slightly increased by accepting electrons from oxygen in MPA or PEA, which supports the interaction between Sn and MPA or PEA. − The existence of MPA and PEA was confirmed with P 2p XPS data (Figure S2b). Despite changes in XPS peak positions, there was almost no change in transmittance because of the modification of the SnO 2 layer (Figure S3), which indicates that it is hard for the surface modification of SnO 2 to alter the transmittance.…”

A New Vinylene-Thiophene-Vinylene Linked Triphenylamine-Phenothiazine Unsymmetrical D-π-D Small Molecule: Defect Passivation and Hole Transporting Interfacial Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells

“…The perovskite absorber solution (FA 0.9 Cs 0.1 PbI 3 ) was spin-coated onto the ETL layer using a two-step spin-coating technique at 1000 rpm for 10 s and 4500 rpm for 30 s. 300 μL of anhydrous CB was dripped during the last 8 s of the spin coating, and the film was kept for annealing (20 min). Spiro-OMeTAD precursor solution was later spin-coated on the absorber layer at 3000 rpm for 30 s. Finally, a silver metal (Ag) with a thickness of 100 nm was thermally evaporated at < ∼2 × 10 –6 mbar to complete the device whose active area, designated by a shadow mask, is 3 mm × 3 mm. − …”

Butterfly wing type new push–pull A–π–D–π–A organic fluorophore: synthesis, photophysical, DFT and nonlinear optical property studies

“…Compound 4 was obtained while PTZ dialdehyde compound 3 possessing terminal aldehyde groups was reacted with thiophene Wittig salt in the presence of K 2 CO 3 and 18-crown-6 at room temperature. 34 In the above reaction, compound 4 formed as the trans-isomer with respect to the vinylene link connecting the bulky PTZ heterocycle (tethered with an N -octyl group) and the thiophene unit, since 18-crown-6 was used to obtain the above major product. 35 Moreover, the isolated product of compound 4 was treated with a trace of iodine crystals and heated in a chloroform medium to facilitate the process of conversion into an exclusive isomeric product.…”