Zirconium Oxide Sulfate-Carbon (ZrOSO₄@C) Derived from Carbonized UiO-66 for Selective Production of Dimethyl Ether

Abstract

Methanol dehydration process to dimethyl ether (DME) has been considered as one of the main routes to produce clean fuel, that is, DME. Thus, efficient catalysts are highly required for selective production of DME. Herein, UiO-66 was used as a precursor for the synthesis of zirconium oxide sulfate embedded carbon (ZrOSO4@C). The synthesis method involves a one-step carbonization of UiO-66 in the presence of sulfuric acid (10 wt %). Material characterizations using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopy approve the formation of the high crystalline phase of ZrOSO4@C. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirm the mesopore structure of the materials. Acidity analysis using pyridine temperature-programmed desorption and isopropanol dehydration corroborates that ZrOSO4@C has weak and intermediate acidic sites making ZrOSO4@C an effective catalyst for methanol dehydration to DME. The materials offered full conversion (100%) with excellent selectivity (100%) at a relatively low temperature (250 °C). The catalyst exhibited a long-term stability for 120 h. Based on these results, DME is produced efficiently in terms of conversion, selectivity, and long-term stability.

Superior Competitive Adsorption Capacity of Natural Bentonite in the Efficient Removal of Basic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions

“…The results of this experiment are shown in Figure 2(c). Examination of these results infers that, at a reaction temperature of 190 °C, curves of both PY and DMPY are almost coinciding indicating the presence of Brønsted acid sites as major together with little amount of Lewis acid sites [58,59,61,62] …”

“…The acid‐base properties of the bentonite sample calcined at 200 o C,were measured adopting isopropyl alcohol (IPA) dehydration/dehydrogenation method [58–60] and the obtained results are presented in Figure 2(b). Inspection of these results revealed that, at all reaction temperatures, propene was the only product with a selectivity of 100 % reflecting the acidic nature of bentonite sample [59,61,62] . In addition, as the reaction temperature increases, the % conversion of IPA increases to reach 100 % at 200 °C.…”

Salts Induced Formation of Hierarchical Porous ZIF‐8 and Their Applications for CO2 Sorption and Hydrogen Generation via NaBH4 Hydrolysis

“…Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), [ 1–11 ] a class of metal organic frameworks, [ 12,13 ] have been applied for several applications such as catalysis, biomedical, [ 14 ] and environmental‐related fields. ZIFs materials offer several advantages including large surface area, tunable pore size, active metal sites, and good thermal and chemical stability due to the strong coordination bonds between the metal centers and linker donating atoms such as ‐N‐.…”

“…Thus, several approaches were reported to reduce anthropogenic CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere. Applications of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), [ 4,3,13,28–34 ] including ZIFs for CO 2 adsorption are promising [ 22,35 ] for lowering the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. [ 36–39 ] MOFs [ 40 ] have been applied as catalysts for the chemical fixation and photochemical reduction of CO 2 , [ 41 ] and as adsorbents.…”

Nanobiotechnology as a platform for the diagnosis of COVID-19: a review

“…Nanoparticles exhibit distinct properties such as large surfaces, many active sites, and high adsorption capacities compared to bulk materials. Thus, they have been applied for several applications such as analytical chemistry [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], proteomics [27], sensing/biosensing [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35], biotechnology [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45], nanomedicine [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53], drug delivery [54][55][56], gene transfer [57][58][59][60], wound healing [61], energy-based applications [62][63][64]…”