Herein, we develop an electrochemical immunosensor based
on a zirconia-reduced
graphene oxide-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIM.BF4) ionic liquid (ZrO2-rGO-IL) nanocomposite for
the detection of a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) breast cancer biomarker.
The characterization results of the synthesized ZrO2-rGO-IL
nanocomposite show that it has high electroconductivity, oxygen functionalities,
and a larger active surface area, which favors high loading of anti-CEA
antibodies. The fabricated BSA/anti-CEA/ZrO2-rGO-IL/GCE
immunosensor can detect CEA with high sensitivity and selectivity
in a broad detection range between 25.0 fg mL–1 and
25.0 ng mL–1 with an ultralow limit of detection
(LOD) of 1.23 fg mL–1 through differential pulse
voltammetry (DPV). In addition, we tested the CEA in serum samples
having linear detection ranges from 100.0 fg mL–1 to 5.0 ng mL–1 with an LOD of 2.25 fg mL–1. Subsequently, the incubation time and selectivity of the immunosensor
show a great affinity for CEA. Therefore, the proposed immunosensor
can be a promising candidate for CEA detection in clinical specimens.
Prospectively, the synthesized nanocomposite will have the potential
for the effective detection of other cancer biomarkers.