Zirconia based dental ceramics: structure, mechanical properties, biocompatibility and applications

Abstract

Zirconia (ZrO) based dental ceramics have been considered to be advantageous materials with adequate mechanical properties for the manufacturing of medical devices. Due to its very high compression strength of 2000 MPa, ZrO can resist differing mechanical environments. During the crack propagation on the application of stress on the surface of ZrO, a crystalline modification diminishes the propagation of cracks. In addition, zirconia's biocompatibility has been studied in vivo, leading to the observation of no adverse response upon the insertion of ZrO samples into the bone or muscle. In vitro experimentation has exhibited the absence of mutations and good viability of cells cultured on this material leading to the use of ZrO in the manufacturing of hip head prostheses. The mechanical properties of zirconia fixed partial dentures (FPDs) have proven to be superior to other ceramic/composite restorations and hence leading to their significant applications in implant supported rehabilitations. Recent developments were focused on the synthesis of zirconia based dental materials. More recently, zirconia has been introduced in prosthetic dentistry for the fabrication of crowns and fixed partial dentures in combination with computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques. This systematic review covers the results of past as well as recent scientific studies on the properties of zirconia based ceramics such as their specific compositions, microstructures, mechanical strength, biocompatibility and other applications in dentistry.

Fracture Resistance of Monolithic Glass‐Ceramics Versus Bilayered Zirconia‐Based Restorations

“…The introduction of yttria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y‐TZP)‐based restorations addresses the problem of low tensile strength. In addition to the material's excellent esthetics and tissue tolerance compared with metal‐ceramic restorations, its transformational toughening property provides high flexure strength (up to 1200 MPa) and fracture toughness (6 to 9 MPa.m ½ ) . However, because of the opaque nature of zirconia, veneering has been done with a more translucent feldspathic porcelain to achieve the desired esthetics .…”

“…In addition to the material's excellent esthetics and tissue tolerance compared with metal-ceramic restorations, its transformational toughening property provides high flexure strength (up to 1200 MPa) and fracture toughness (6 to 9 MPa.m ½ ). [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] However, because of the opaque nature of zirconia, veneering has been done with a more translucent feldspathic porcelain to achieve the desired esthetics. 15,16 Therefore, to ensure the long-term success of zirconia-based restorations, sufficient bond strength is essential between veneering ceramic and the zirconia framework substructure.…”

A low cost minimally invasive adhesive alternative for maxillary central incisor replacement

“…This phenomenon is called tenacification and is responsible for its high fracture resistance when compared to other ceramics . Because of the high strength of the zirconia material, it is possible to reduce the size of the proximal connector . The clinical result of the RBFDP made of zirconia ceramics was studied in a randomized controlled trial for a period of 5 years and had a success rate of 93.3% …”

“…29,30 Because of the high strength of the zirconia material, it is possible to reduce the size of the proximal connector. 23,31 The clinical result of the RBFDP made of zirconia ceramics was studied in a randomized controlled trial for a period of 5 years and had a success rate of 93.3%. 32…”

Efeitos de diferentes tratamentos de superfície nas características superficiais, resistência adesiva, estabilidade da adesão e sobrevida de coroas/pilares de Y-TZP obtidos por CAD/CAM após ciclagem termomecânica e fadiga termomecânica acelerada

“…A utilização de cerâmicas com alto conteúdo cristalino, alta densidade, à base de óxido de zircônio (ZrO2) parcialmente estabilizadas por ítria, têm sido propostas para obtenção de estruturas por CAD/CAM, tendo em vista sua elevada biocompatibilidade, altas dureza e resistência ao desgaste, resistência à flexão e tenacidade à fratura, associadas à cor, favorecendo a estética (Bonfante et al, 2010;Ambré et al, 2013;Sun et al, 2014;Gautam et al, 2016;Özkurt-Kayahan, 2016;Malkondu et al, 2016;Kumar et al, 2017). Soma-se a estas características a capacidade de a zircônia ser facilmente fresada em equipamentos de usinagem na condição pré-sinterizada, denominada fase verde, com baixa resistência à usinagem, otimizando o processo de obteção de peças protéticas via CAD/CAM (Özkurt-Kayahan, 2016).…”