Zionism's Internal Others: Israel and the Oriental Jews

Massad, Joseph

doi:10.1525/jps.1996.25.4.00p0006c

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…They were housed in transit camps (ma'aborot), first in tents, and later in tin shelters. Immigrants experienced crowding, inadequate sanitation (Immigration and Absorption of Immigrants, ) and exposure to DDT (Massad, ; Ministry of Health, ), a known environmental toxin. DDT may act as a carcinogen (Eskenazi et al, ), and has, in high levels, been linked to low semen volume and impaired sperm motion (Eskenazi et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Live birth sex ratios and father's geographic origins in Jerusalem, 1964–1976

Groeger

Opler

Kleinhaus

et al. 2016

American J Hum Biol

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Objective To examine whether ancestry influenced sex ratios of offspring in a birth cohort before parental antenatal sex selection influenced offspring sex. Methods We measured the sex ratio as the percent of males according to countries of birth of paternal and maternal grandfathers in 91,459 live births from 1964 to 1976 in the Jerusalem Perinatal Study. Confidence limits (CI) were computed based on an expected sex ratio of 1.05, which is 51.4% male. Results Of all live births recorded, 51.4% were male. Relative to Jewish ancestry (51.4% males), significantly more males (1,761) were born to Muslim ancestry (54.5, 95% CI=52.1–56.8, p=.01). Among the former, sex ratios were not significantly associated with paternal or maternal age, education, or offspring’s birth order. Consistent with a preference for male offspring, the sex ratio decreased despite increasing numbers of births over the 13-year period. Sex ratios were not affected by maternal or paternal origins in North Africa or Europe. However, the offspring whose paternal grandfathers were born in Western Asia included fewer males than expected (50.7, 50.1–51.3, p=.02), whether the father was born abroad (50.7) or in Israel (50.8). This was observed for descendents of paternal grandfathers born in Lebanon (47.6), Turkey (49.9), Yemen & Aden (50.2), Iraq (50.5), Afghanistan (50.5), Syria (50.6), and Cyprus (50.7); but not for those from India (51.5) or Iran (51.9). The West Asian group showed the strongest decline in sex ratios with increasing paternal family size. Conclusions A decreased sex ratio associated with ancestry in Western Asia is consistent with reduced ability to bear sons by a subset of Jewish men in the Jerusalem cohort. Lower sex ratios may be due to pregnancy stress, which may be higher in this subgroup. Alternatively, a degrading Y chromosome haplogroup or other genetic or epigenetic differences on male germ lines could affect birth ratios, such as differential exposure to an environmental agent, dietary differences, or stress. Differential stopping behaviors that favor additional pregnancies following the birth of a daughter might exacerbate these lower sex ratios.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Live birth sex ratios and father's geographic origins in Jerusalem, 1964–1976

Groeger

Opler

Kleinhaus

et al. 2016

American J Hum Biol

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“…4 In spite of the cultural unity aroused by the establishment of the State of Israel, relationships between Israel and Jews living elsewhere remained somewhat fraught. Jews from Arab lands received a less-than-warm welcome when they emigrated en masse during the early years of the State (Segev 1986;Massad 1996;Smooha 2008), and Prime Minister David ben Gurion had to be told to stop harping on about American Jews moving to Israel and settle for their financial support instead (Marcus 1996; see also Cohen 1975Cohen , 2003Rosenthal 2001 14,83). According to the Pew survey, caring about Israel is not the most popular feature of the meaning of being Jewish (remembering the Holocaust is), and it is only one percentage point more popular than "having a good sense of humor."…”

Section: Framing the American Jewish Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framing Conflict: Why American Congregations Cannot Not Talk about Israel

Kelman

Baron

2019

Cont Jewry

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“…The well-educated but physically weak Diaspora Jew was now perceived as a victim rather than a hero, and the order of the day was to abandon him in favor of a physically fit, connected to the land, “man of action” Zionist Jew (Gluzman, 1997). This shift was intertwined with the aspiration to assimilate into the new region and with the orientalist views that associated these features with the “natives”—the Palestinian inhabitants of the land, perceived as masculine (hetero-)sexual savages (Massad, 1996). Accordingly, the humorous texts of the time referred to the figure of the New Jew: rough, fit, a warrior (Ziv, 1986).…”

Section: Humor and Boundary Work: The Jewish–israeli Casementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Historically, this divide is grounded in the marginalization of Eastern (Mizrahi) Jews originating from Arab countries, combined with broader orientalist perceptions. Mizrahi Jews have long been stigmatized in Israeli society as “savage”: ignorant, violent, animalistic, and so on (Massad, 1996; Yosef, 2004). The plethora of ethnocentric humorous expressions in our corpus (more than half) can be interpreted as manifesting this rooted prejudice, combined here with associating Eastern Jews in Israel with the right wing.…”

Section: Ethnicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ironic humor on social media as participatory boundary work

Gal

2018

New Media & Society

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This article explores the use of irony for boundary work in social media. It suggests that the combination of the polysemy inherent to ironic humor and new decontextualized digital environments entails greater potential for misinterpretation, thus turning humorous interactions into segregating tools. Using the case of left-wing mockery of a far-right-wing group in Israel, I trace the ways in which online irony serves as a means for social consolidation and differentiation. Findings indicate that the combination of medium (Facebook), keying (ironic humor), and content (social divides) works to empower one group and marginalize the other, potentially deepening existing social gaps. In addition, I show how this triangle leads to the construction of a new overarching social division between intellect (associated with left-wingers) and physicality (associated with right-wingers). Finally, I discuss the implications of social divides for our understanding of relations between irony and power structures in digital environments.

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Zionism's Internal Others: Israel and the Oriental Jews

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Live birth sex ratios and father's geographic origins in Jerusalem, 1964–1976

Live birth sex ratios and father's geographic origins in Jerusalem, 1964–1976

Framing Conflict: Why American Congregations Cannot Not Talk about Israel

Ironic humor on social media as participatory boundary work

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