Abstract:Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have involved a lot of consideration owing to their distinctive features. ZnO NPs can be described as particularly synthesized mineral salts via nanotechnology, varying in size from 1 to 100 nm, while zinc oxide (ZnO), it is an inorganic substrate of zinc (Zn). Zn is a critical trace element necessary for various biological and physiological processes in the body. Studies have revealed ZnO NPs' e cient immuno-modulatory, growth-promoting, and antimicrobial properties in poult… Show more
“…Thus, further attention is required to assess the toxicity of ZnO-NMts. [48][49][50] Currently, research on ZnO-NMts is predominantly centered on biosafety and medical applications. However, there is a dearth of studies on biosafety exposure limits during medical applications, and few studies have definitively established safe exposure limits.…”
With the increasing application of ZnO nanomaterials (ZnO‐NMts) in the biomedical field, it is crucial to assess their potential risks to humans and the environment. Therefore, this study aimed to screen for ZnO‐NMts with low toxicity and establish safe exposure limits, and investigate their mechanisms of action. The study synthesized 0D ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and 3D ZnO nanoflowers (ZnO Nfs) with different morphologies using a hydrothermal approach for comparative research. The ZnO‐NMts were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mouse brain neuronal cells (NSC‐34) were incubated with ZnO NMts for 6, 12, and 24 h, and the cell morphology was observed using TEM. The toxic effects of ZnO Nfs on NSC‐34 cells were studied using CCK‐8 cell viability detection, reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, caspase‐3 activity detection, Annexin V‐FITC/PI apoptosis assay, and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δφm) measurement. The results of the research showed that ZnO‐NMts caused cytoplasmic vacuolization and nuclear pyknosis. After incubating cells with 12.5 µg mL−1 ZnO‐NMts for 12 h, ZnO NRfs exhibited the least toxicity and ROS levels. Additionally, there was a significant increase in caspase‐3 activity, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δφm), and the highest rate of early apoptosis.This study successfully identified ZnO NRfs with the lowest toxicity and determined the safe exposure limit to be < 12.5 µg mL−1 (12 h). These findings will contribute to the clinical use of ZnO NRfs with low toxicity and provide a foundation for further research on their potential applications in brain disease treatment.
“…Thus, further attention is required to assess the toxicity of ZnO-NMts. [48][49][50] Currently, research on ZnO-NMts is predominantly centered on biosafety and medical applications. However, there is a dearth of studies on biosafety exposure limits during medical applications, and few studies have definitively established safe exposure limits.…”
With the increasing application of ZnO nanomaterials (ZnO‐NMts) in the biomedical field, it is crucial to assess their potential risks to humans and the environment. Therefore, this study aimed to screen for ZnO‐NMts with low toxicity and establish safe exposure limits, and investigate their mechanisms of action. The study synthesized 0D ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and 3D ZnO nanoflowers (ZnO Nfs) with different morphologies using a hydrothermal approach for comparative research. The ZnO‐NMts were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mouse brain neuronal cells (NSC‐34) were incubated with ZnO NMts for 6, 12, and 24 h, and the cell morphology was observed using TEM. The toxic effects of ZnO Nfs on NSC‐34 cells were studied using CCK‐8 cell viability detection, reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, caspase‐3 activity detection, Annexin V‐FITC/PI apoptosis assay, and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δφm) measurement. The results of the research showed that ZnO‐NMts caused cytoplasmic vacuolization and nuclear pyknosis. After incubating cells with 12.5 µg mL−1 ZnO‐NMts for 12 h, ZnO NRfs exhibited the least toxicity and ROS levels. Additionally, there was a significant increase in caspase‐3 activity, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δφm), and the highest rate of early apoptosis.This study successfully identified ZnO NRfs with the lowest toxicity and determined the safe exposure limit to be < 12.5 µg mL−1 (12 h). These findings will contribute to the clinical use of ZnO NRfs with low toxicity and provide a foundation for further research on their potential applications in brain disease treatment.
“…Nanomaterials are increasingly receiving significant attention from scientists and are widely applied in many fields such as photocatalysis, biosensor [9], optoelectronics [10], biogenic [11], antimicrobials [12], etc. Especially, zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) are two semiconductors which are received much attention and research from scientists [10,[13][14][15][16][17]. Because they have low cost, easy synthesis, high redox potential, environmental friendliness, and photochemical stabilization.…”
Both ZnO and TiO2 are common semiconducting metal oxides with high mechanical and chemical durability. However, they only have good photocatalytic ability in the UV region, besides the rapid recombination between electrons and holes reduces the efficiency of the decomposition of organic substances. To improve their catalytic efficiency, in this study, ZnO and TiO2 were doped with B to produce the novel B/ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites for degrading tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) in the aqueous solution. The characteristics of samples were analyzed by the Diffuse Reflectance Ultraviolet-Visible (DR/UV-Vis), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The 3B/ZnO/TiO2 sample had a band gap energy (Eg) of 3.21 eV. Although the B/ZnO/TiO2 sample had a tightly aggregated morphology composed of many nanoparticles in 33-137 nm, it still exhibited a higher uniformly and photocatalytic efficiency than ZnO and ZnO/TiO2. At the optimal doped B of 3 wt.%, the degradation efficiency (DE) was achieved at 96.33 % with a rate constant of 0.067 min-1. The factors that affect the photocatalytic process such as the initial TCH concentration, the catalyst content, and the pH solution were comprehensively investigated. In addition, the stability of 3B/ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite was evaluated via three consecutive cycles and the degradation efficiency was 69.75 % in 3rd cycle. The Z-scheme mechanism was proposed for the photocatalytic mechanism of TCH in the B/ZnO/TiO2 catalyst. In addition, electrical energy consumption was estimated that the electrical energy per order only was 29.05 kW.h.L-1.
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