Zinc ion implantation-deposition technique improves the osteoblast biocompatibility of titanium surfaces

Abstract

The plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIIID) technique was used to implant zinc (Zn) ions into smooth surfaces of pure titanium (Ti) disks for investigation of tooth implant surface modification. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the surface structure and chemical composition of a modified Ti surface following Zn ion implantation and deposition and to examine the effect of such modification on osteoblast biocompatibility. Using the PIIID technique, Zn ions were deposited onto the smooth surface of pure Ti disks. The physical structure and chemical composition of the modified surface layers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. In vitro culture assays using the MG-63 bone cell line were performed to determine the effects of Zn-modified Ti surfaces following PIIID on cellular function. Acridine orange staining was used to detect cell attachment to the surfaces and cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry. SEM revealed a rough ‘honeycomb’ structure on the Zn-modified Ti surfaces following PIIID processing and XPS data indicated that Zn and oxygen concentrations in the modified Ti surfaces increased with PIIID processing time. SEM also revealed significantly greater MG-63 cell growth on Zn-modified Ti surfaces than on pure Ti surfaces (P<0.05). Flow cytometric analysis revealed increasing percentages of MG-63 cells in S phase with increasing Zn implantation and deposition, suggesting that MG-63 apoptosis was inhibited and MG-63 proliferation was promoted on Zn-PIIID-Ti surfaces. The present results suggest that modification with Zn-PIIID may be used to improve the osteoblast biocompatibility of Ti implant surfaces.

Impact of exogenous metal ions on peri-implant bone metabolism: a review

“…Hydrothermal treatment 18,19 Chemical reactions that take place in a liquid phase at high temperature Simple; economical, effective; environmentally friendly; uniform thickness of the deposited layer Some substances are heat-sensitive PIII 20,21 A material engineering process by which ions are accelerated in an electrical eld and impacted onto the surface of a substrate to change the surface chemistry Suitable for processing implants with complex shapes Technical complexity; high costs; high dissolution rate Micro-arc oxidation 22,23 Arc discharge is used to enhance and activate the reaction on the anode, which produces a thick and relatively stable oxide lm on the surface of the metal and its alloy Multi-microporous structure can achieve long-term stable release of metal ions; corrosion-resistant…”

“…17 The performances of different surface modication techniques used for the incorporation of metallic ions are summarized in Table 2. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] In this paper, we review the adverse effects of metal ions on osseointegration and highlight the emerging applications for metal elements in improving the performance of dental implants.…”

Possible Role of Microcrystallinity on Surface Properties of Titanium Surfaces for Biomedical Application

“…Here, plasma is used as a source of ions, which are accelerated toward the treated surface and there implanted [38]. Very recently, the incorporation of specific chemical elements such as fluorine (F) [39], calcium (Ca) [40], and zinc [41] was described to confer suitable biological properties.…”

Surface Modification of Titanium and its Alloys for the Enhancement of Osseointegration in Orthopaedics

“…The results revealed that the Ag-PIII treated implants have more stability, enhanced new bone formation and increased bone mineral density than the SLA-treated implants 81 . Liang et al 82 implanted the zinc ions (Zn) into the pure Ti surface and the consequence of surface modification on biocompatibility was evaluated. SEM and XPS were implemented to analyse the structure and chemical composition of modified surface.…”