Zinc homeostasis in immunity and its association with preterm births

Abstract

Preterm birth is among the most common adverse pregnancy outcomes and is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. While trace elements are essential for humans, their specific roles in the prenatal period remain unexplored. Zinc, a ubiquitous element, plays a pivotal role in protein synthesis, cell division, nucleic acid metabolism, apoptosis, ageing, reproduction, immunological and antioxidant defence mechanism. Although zinc quantities are very small in body tissue, it is involved in every conceivable biochemical pathway, which is critical for the performance of various functions necessary to sustain life. Owing to the multifactorial role of zinc, it is not possible to attribute a certain zinc‐dependent mechanism in preterm births. Although the effect of zinc deficiency on immunity, its impact on maternal function and health as well as its role in the developing foetus is well documented, much less attention has been given to the understanding of micronutrient zinc homeostasis in immunity and its association with preterm births. Despite extensive research, the pathway by which zinc regulates pregnancy outcomes as well as the function of immune cells in controlling the delivery status (term/preterm) is still obscure. The present review aims to focus on the understanding of relationship of micronutrient zinc homeostasis in immunity and its association with preterm births.

The changes and potential effects of zinc homeostasis in periodontitis microenvironment

“…At the same time, vascular regeneration promotes the effect of periodontal tissue repair by providing oxygen and nutrients for local cells (Yin et al, 2019) (Figure 4). Most of the local cells, including periodontal ligament stem cells, may not proliferate in the absence of zinc (MacDonald, 2000), because zinc is an essential trace element for cell biosynthesis and promotes protein synthesis as a protease catalyst (Kumari et al, 2022). In addition, zinc is the secondary messenger of a mitotic signaling pathway (Grummt et al, 1986), which is involved in regulating cell division.…”

Improving the effectiveness of vaccination against viral and bacterial pathogens through micronutrient supplementation

“…При дефиците цинка в рационе снижался гуморальный и Т-клеточный иммунный ответ на вакцинацию BCG у крыс, тогда как при нормальной обеспеченности цинком (30 мг / кг в сутки в течение 17 нед.) нормализовалось деление Т-лимфоцитов [47]. Показано влияние цинкдефицитной диеты (10 мг / кг в сутки) на иммунный ответ после вакцинации против гепатита B -отмечено 8-кратное снижение уровня антител к вирусу гепатита B (741 МЕ / л; 95%-ный ДИ -0-10 000) по сравнению с животными, обеспеченными цинком (5 791 МЕ / л; 95%-ный ДИ -558-10 000 МЕ / л; p < 0,05) [48].…”

Metal Ion-Doped Hydroxyapatite-Based Materials for Bone Defect Restoration

“…The mechanism of how zinc ions promote bioactivity can be concluded as follows. As an essential trace element for cell biosynthesis, zinc promoted protein synthesis as a protease catalyst, which was also the secondary messenger of a mitotic signaling pathway involved in regulating cell division [51]. Zn 2+ ions released from the surface led to an increase in intracellular zinc concentration, which promoted fibroblast proliferation in oral system and protected those cells against oxidative stress and cell death [52].…”