Zinc Exhibits Ideal Physiological Corrosion Behavior for Bioabsorbable Stents

Bowen, Patrick K.; Drelich, Jaroslaw; Goldman, Jeremy

doi:10.1002/adma.201300226

Cited by 724 publications

(556 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…9,10 Zinc (Zn) was recently suggested as an alternative degradable metal or alloy base. 11,12 The toxicity of zinc is higher than that of iron or magnesium, and concerns have therefore been raised regarding its biocompatibility. Cytotoxicity studies have shown a reduced viability of vascular smooth muscle cells grown in zinc alloy extracts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,15,16 The corrosion rate of pure zinc appears to be ideal for cardiovascular stent and bone fixation applications in order to retain the mechanical properties during the entire healing process. 11,12 Both in vivo and in vitro studies have determined the corrosion rate to be in the order of tens of micrometers per year, between the degradation rates of magnesium and iron. 11,12,17 Pure zinc, however, is soft and exhibit relatively low tensile strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,12 Both in vivo and in vitro studies have determined the corrosion rate to be in the order of tens of micrometers per year, between the degradation rates of magnesium and iron. 11,12,17 Pure zinc, however, is soft and exhibit relatively low tensile strength. In order to improve the mechanical properties of zinc, researches have suggested several alloying elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zn-Mg and Zn-Ag Degradation Mechanism Under Biologically Relevant Conditions

Törne

Khan

Örnberg

et al. 2017

Surface Innovations

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Zinc (Zn) alloys form a promising new class of biodegradable metals that combine suitable mechanical properties with the favorable degradation properties of pure zinc. However, the current understanding of the influence of alloying elements on the corrosion of zinc alloys, in biologically relevant media, is limited. The authors studied the degradation of three alloys, zinc-4 wt% silver (Ag), zinc-0·5 wt% magnesium (Mg) and zinc-3 wt% magnesium by in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). After exposure for 1 h or 30 d, the samples were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The presence of secondary phases in the alloy microstructure induced selective corrosion and increased the degradation rate. EIS analysis revealed an increase in surface inhomogeneity already at short (hours) immersion times. The microgalvanic corrosion of the zinc-silver alloy resulted in enrichment of the AgZn 3 phase at the sample surface. The enrichment of silver and potential release of AgZn 3 particles may result in complications during the tissue regeneration. The zinc-magnesium alloy surface was depleted of the magnesium-rich phase after 8-12 d. The selective dissolution caused local precipitation of corrosion products and a thicker corrosion layer with larger pore size consistent with increased corrosion rate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zn-Mg and Zn-Ag Degradation Mechanism Under Biologically Relevant Conditions

Törne

Khan

Örnberg

et al. 2017

Surface Innovations

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“…However, the tests reported recently indicate a good biocompatibility of Zn. 20 In the present work, magnesium, zinc, iron and their alloys are studied with respect to their mechanical and corrosion properties. Appropriate alloying of Mg, Zn and Fe can positively modify their mechanical, corrosion and physical properties, which are important for potential medical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative mechanical and corrosion studies on magnesium, zinc and iron alloys as biodegradable metals

Vojtěch¹,

Kubásek²,

Čapek³

2015

Mater. Tehnol.

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In this paper, selected magnesium, zinc and iron biodegradable alloys were studied as prospective biomaterials for temporary medical implants like stents and fixation devices for fractured bones. Mechanical properties of the alloys were characterized with hardness and tensile tests. In-vitro corrosion behavior was studied using immersion tests in a simulated physiological solution (SPS, 9 g/L NaCl) to roughly estimate the in-vivo biodegradation rates of implants. It was found that the Mg and Zn alloys were limited by a tensile strength of 370 MPa, while the tensile strength of the Fe alloys achieved 530 MPa. The main advantage of the Mg alloys is that their Young's modulus of elasticity is similar to that of the human bone. However, the corrosion tests revealed that the Mg-based alloys showed the highest corrosion rates in the SPS, ranging between 0.6 mm and 4.0 mm per year, which is above the tolerable degradation rates of implants. The corrosion rates of the Zn alloys were between 0.3 mm and 0.6 mm per year and the slowest corrosion rates of approximately 0.2 mm per year were observed for the Fe alloys.The results indicate that all three kinds of alloys meet the mechanical requirements for the load-bearing implants. From the corrosion-behavior point of view, the Zn-and Fe-based "slowly corroding" alloys appear as promising alternatives to the Mg-based alloys. Keywords: biodegradable metal, magnesium, zinc, iron, mechanical properties, corrosion lanek obravnava {tudij izbranih magnezijevih, cinkovih in`elezovih potencialnih biorazgradljivih zlitin kot obetajo~ih biomaterialov za za~asne medicinske vsadke, kot so opornice in pripomo~ki za utrjevanje zlomljenih kosti. Mehanske lastnosti zlitin so bile dolo~ene z merjenjem trdote in z nateznimi preizkusi. Korozijski preizkusi in vitro so bili izvr{eni s pomakanjem v simulirano fiziolo{ko raztopino (SPS, 9 g/L NaCl) za grobo oceno in vivo hitrosti biorazgradnje implantatov. Ugotovljeno je, da so zlitine Mg in Zn omejene z natezno trdnostjo 370 MPa, medtem ko je natezna trdnost Fe-zlitin dosegla 530 MPa. Glavna prednost Mg-zlitin je v podobnem Young-ovem modulu elasti~nosti, ki je podoben kot pri~love{ki kosti. Vendar pa so korozijski preizkusi pokazali pri zlitinah na osnovi Mg najve~je korozijske hitrosti v SPS, med 0,6 mm in 4,0 mm na leto, kar je nad dopustno hitrostjo degradacije implantata. Korozijske hitrosti Zn zlitin so bile med 0,3 mm in 0,6 mm na leto, najni`je hitrosti korozije, okrog 0,2 mm na leto, pa so bile opa`ene pri Fe-zlitinah. Rezultati so pokazali, da vse tri vrste zlitin ustrezajo mehanskim zahtevam za obremenjene implantate. S stali{~a korozijskega vedenja so zlitine na osnovi Zn in Fe "zlitine s po~asno korozijo" in se ka`ejo kot obetajo~e nadomestilo za zlitine na osnovi Mg.

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“…Nevertheless, the long-term safety of Fe-based stents and the degradation behavior in vivo are still to be evaluated. What is more, zinc has been examined for the first time as a bioabsorbable cardiovascular stent material in 2013 [72]. Although a systemic evaluation of zinc applied in vascular stent needed to be carried out, the early results indicated that zinc was a promising material that could supplant magnesium as the favored base metal from the aspects of biocorrosion rate and corrosion products in vivo.…”

Section: Biodegradable Stentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status of research and application in vascular stents

Yang

Maitz

2013

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Cardiovascular diseases have been the leading cause of death in modern society. Using vascular stents to treat these coronary and peripheral artery diseases has been one of the most effective and rapidly adopted medical interventions. During the twenty-five years' development of vascular stents, revolutionary cardiovascular stents like drug eluting stents and endothelial progenitor cells capture stents have emerged. In this review, the evolution of vascular stents is summarized, aiming to provide a glimpse into the future of vascular stents. Advanced designs, focusing on the investigations of new substrates, new platforms, new drugs and new biomolecules are currently under evaluation with promising clinical studies. The concept of "time sequence functional stent" has been raised in this paper. It presents anti-proliferative properties in the first phase after implantation and subsequently support endothelialization. It also shows long-term inertness without release of toxic ions or toxic degradation products. The success of this concept is briefly presented with a clinical study in this model stents.

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Zinc Exhibits Ideal Physiological Corrosion Behavior for Bioabsorbable Stents

Cited by 724 publications

References 39 publications

Zn-Mg and Zn-Ag Degradation Mechanism Under Biologically Relevant Conditions

Zn-Mg and Zn-Ag Degradation Mechanism Under Biologically Relevant Conditions

Comparative mechanical and corrosion studies on magnesium, zinc and iron alloys as biodegradable metals

Current status of research and application in vascular stents

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