Current status of research and application in vascular stents

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases have been the leading cause of death in modern society. Using vascular stents to treat these coronary and peripheral artery diseases has been one of the most effective and rapidly adopted medical interventions. During the twenty-five years' development of vascular stents, revolutionary cardiovascular stents like drug eluting stents and endothelial progenitor cells capture stents have emerged. In this review, the evolution of vascular stents is summarized, aiming to provide a glimpse into the future of vascular stents. Advanced designs, focusing on the investigations of new substrates, new platforms, new drugs and new biomolecules are currently under evaluation with promising clinical studies. The concept of "time sequence functional stent" has been raised in this paper. It presents anti-proliferative properties in the first phase after implantation and subsequently support endothelialization. It also shows long-term inertness without release of toxic ions or toxic degradation products. The success of this concept is briefly presented with a clinical study in this model stents.

Advances in coatings on magnesium alloys for cardiovascular stents – A review

“…Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the principal causes of human death in recent years, and the number of deaths caused by CVD has been increasing yearly in our country [ 1 , 2 ]. Since the invention of the vascular stent in the 1980s [ 3 ], it has been one of the most effective medical interventions to deal with coronary and peripheral artery diseases [ 4 ]. The most extensively used material for the production of stents is 316 L stainless steel (316 L SS).…”

Application of finite element analysis on balloon expandable coronary stents: A review

“…Initial success of Bare Metal Stent(BMS) encountered with problem of ISR, later minimized by the development of Drug Eluting Stents (DES) [25]. Researchers always tried to find new class of stents like Time Sequence Functional Stents, Endothelial Progenitor Cell Capture Stents [26] to address ISR. Clinical complications of advanced stent types emphasized on refinement of basic structural design of stents.…”

Evolución de los stents coronarios liberadores de fármacos, de la primera a la cuarta generación

“…La justificación de una plataforma completamente absorbible radica en que, teóricamente, son una terapia más adecuada para el tratamiento de la enfermedad coronaria, debido a que evitan complicaciones de los implantes permanentes, como remodelación y reacción de cuerpo extraño, brindan un soporte mecánico en el período de recuperación y al degradarse completamente permiten la restauración de la motilidad y anatomía vascular. Adicionalmente, admiten nuevas y repetidas intervenciones con bajos niveles de trombosis tardía (cuadro 4) (18)(19)(20). Los scaffolds completamente bioabsorbibles se han anunciado como la cuarta revolución en la cardiología intervencionista (21).…”