Zinc Content in Cord Blood Is Associated with Maternal Age and Parity

Youssof, Ayman Lee; Kassim, Noor Lide Abu; Rashid, Siti Aishah; Ley, Marc De; Rahman, Mohammad Tariqur

doi:10.1007/s12011-016-0760-x

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In other studies of ours, an association between zinc concentration in serum, AF or umbilical cord blood in pregnant women and their age was not found [ 42 , 43 ]. In opposition to that, Youssof et al [ 44 ] observed significantly higher zinc content in cord blood plasma in older women compared to younger women after delivery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Assessment of dietary intake and mineral status in pregnant women

Kocyłowski

Lewicka

Grzesiak

et al. 2018

Arch Gynecol Obstet

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PurposeTo evaluate the dietary intake of pregnant women and their nutritional status of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Cu, as the nutritional status of pregnant women is an important factor for the proper progression of a pregnancy and the development and health of the foetus.MethodsThe study was conducted on 108 pregnant women ages 18–42, at 6–32 weeks of gestation. We used a questionnaire and a 24-h recall nutrition interview. Hair samples were taken for testing and the level of each mineral was assessed using atomic absorption spectrometry. The results were analysed using the Dietetyk and Statistica 10 software.ResultsLow levels of Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, vitamin D, and folic acid intake were seen in the pregnant women, with the use of dietary supplements significantly increasing their intake of Fe, Zn, and folic acid. The concentration of zinc and magnesium in the women’s hair was shown to be affected by their age and, in the case of magnesium, by the week of pregnancy.ConclusionsIt was observed that the diet of pregnant women is characterised by low levels of Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, vitamin D, and folic acid. Dietary supplementation with vitamins and minerals significantly increases the daily Fe and folic acid intake in pregnant women. The concentration of Zn and Mg in hair depends on the age of pregnant women and Mg level in the hair of women decreases during pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Assessment of dietary intake and mineral status in pregnant women

Kocyłowski

Lewicka

Grzesiak

et al. 2018

Arch Gynecol Obstet

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“…Our study, however, did not confirm these observations. Youssof et al [ 28 ] found that maternal age and parity may influence Zn concentration in cord blood. Authors suggested that multiparous older mothers would require more Zn supplement during pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Authors suggested that multiparous older mothers would require more Zn supplement during pregnancy. Decreasing Zn concentration with age and parity may be possible associated with catecholamine level in maternal and cord blood which affects Zn status [ 28 ]. In another study, a significant positive correlation between Zn level in cord blood and birth weight was observed [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Mineral Concentrations in Maternal Serum Before and After Birth and in Newborn Cord Blood Postpartum—Preliminary Study

Kocyłowski

Lewicka

Grzesiak

et al. 2017

Biol Trace Elem Res

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The mineral levels in maternal serum change during pregnancy and may be correlated with those of newborn cord blood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) in maternal blood before and after delivery and in umbilical cord vein and artery serum. The study was carried out in 64 Caucasian pregnant women who delivered in a district hospital in Greater Poland region, aged 28.1 ± 5.4 years, with a mean gestational age of 39.2 ± 1.3 weeks. Blood samples were taken from women 2–8 h before delivery and immediately after childbirth. The umbilical cord artery and vein blood of newborns was obtained immediately after childbirth. The levels of minerals in serum were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. A significant drop in the concentrations of Mg (17.71 ± 1.51 vs 17.07 ± 1.61 μg/ml; p < 0.007), Fe (1.08 ± 0.46 vs 0.82 ± 0.35 μg/ml; p < 0.0004), and Zn (0.63 ± 0.17 vs 0.46 ± 0.16; p < 0.0001) in maternal serum was found after delivery. Moreover, higher levels of Ca, Fe, and Zn and lower levels of Cu were observed in the umbilical vein (Ca: 102.80 ± 7.80 μg/ml; p < 0.0001, Fe: 1.96 ± 0.43 μg/ml; p < 0.0001, Zn: 0.65 ± 0.16 μg/ml; p < 0.0001, Cu: 0.36 ± 0.09 μg/ml; p < 0.0001) and in the umbilical artery cord blood (Ca: 98.07 ± 8.18 μg/ml; p < 0.0001, Fe: 1.63 ± 0.30 μg/ml; p < 0.0001, Zn: 0.65 ± 0.15 μg/ml; p < 0.0001, and Cu: 0.36 ± 0.10 μg/ml; p < 0.0001) compared to the maternal serum (Ca: 85.05 ± 10.76 μg/ml, Fe: 0.82 ± 0.35 μg/ml, Zn: 0.46 ± 0.16 μg/ml, and Cu: 1.90 ± 0.35 μg/ml). Fe levels in the cord artery serum negatively correlated with blood loss during delivery (R = −0.48; p = 0.01), while the Ca concentration in the maternal serum after birth decreased with the age of the women (R = −0.25; p = 0.03). In conclusion, it seems that the process of birth alters the mineral levels in pregnant women’s blood. Moreover, it was found that blood loss and the age of the mother are associated with mineral concentrations in the maternal serum and cord artery blood.

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“…In fact, there are several studies in the literature showing different concentrations of plasma Zn in pregnant women according to diverse variables: age, parity, pregnancy pathologies or even place of origin. [77][78][79][80] Zn is transported from enterocytes into the maternal blood thanks to ZnT1 and from there it reaches and enters the placenta by means of ZIP proteins, as stated above. 66 Once Zn is in the placenta, it can be bound to MTs or transported to the cord blood through Zn transporters which include ZIP14, ZnT2 and DMT1.…”

Section: Zn and CD Transport In Pregnancy And Lactation Related Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This will result in alterations of fetal homeostasis of Zn, FGR or changes in anthropometric parameters of the newborn with lower than expected values, among other changes. 60,79 When Cd is present in the placenta, it reaches the fetus, although at low concentrations. 72 Studies conducted by Nakamura et al, revealed that rats on the first day of life, present higher concentrations of Cd in their kidneys and liver, indicating that in the fetal life, Cd has been present at least in the last intrauterine period.…”

Section: Zn and CD Transport In Pregnancy And Lactation Related Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium exposure during pregnancy and lactation: materno-fetal and newborn repercussions of Cd(ii), and Cd–metallothionein complexes

et al. 2018

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Cadmium (Cd) is a non-physiological heavy metal that can be harmful at low concentrations. Increasing anthropogenic activities are incrementing the risk of accumulation of this heavy metal in different organs and tissues of the body. In the case of pregnant women, the threat is more serious due to the implications affecting not only their own health but also fetal development as well. Metallothioneins (MTs), small cysteine-rich proteins, are involved in zinc (Zn) and copper homeostasis in mammals but can, however, also bind with Cd if present. The accumulation of Cd in maternal tissues (e.g. placenta, maternal blood, and mammary glands) induces the synthesis of MTs, preferably MT2, in an attempt to sequester the metal to avoid toxicity. The formed Cd-MT complexes will avoid the Cd transport from the placenta to the fetus and end up accumulating in the maternal kidneys. At the same time, high concentrations of MTs will increase the formation of Zn-MT complexes, therefore decreasing the amount of Zn ions available to be transported to the fetus by means of Zn transporters such as ZnT2, ZIP14 and DMT1. Although MTs cannot transport Cd from the mother to the fetus, the divalent DMT1 transporter is suggested to carry the metal to the fetus. As a consequence, the low levels of Zn(ii) in the fetus, together with the presence of Cd(ii) coming from the mother either via the placenta and cord blood or via breast milk induce changes in the fetal development including fetal growth retardation, and low weight or height of the newborn. Likewise, the concentrations of Cd(ii) in the newborn can cause alterations such as cognitive disabilities. In summary, the presence of Cd(ii) in the maternal tissues will induce MT synthesis in an attempt to detoxify these tissues and reduce the possible toxicity of Cd in fetal and newborn tissues.

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Zinc Content in Cord Blood Is Associated with Maternal Age and Parity

Cited by 4 publications

References 40 publications

Assessment of dietary intake and mineral status in pregnant women

Assessment of dietary intake and mineral status in pregnant women

Evaluation of Mineral Concentrations in Maternal Serum Before and After Birth and in Newborn Cord Blood Postpartum—Preliminary Study

Cadmium exposure during pregnancy and lactation: materno-fetal and newborn repercussions of Cd(ii), and Cd–metallothionein complexes

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