Zinc concentrations in hair, plasma, and saliva and changes in taste acuity of adults supplemented with zinc

Lane, Helen W.; Warren, Doris C.; Squyres, Nyla S.; Cotham, Ann C.

doi:10.1007/bf02783249

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Binding of nickel, zinc, and copper is proposed to influence the activity of Hst-5. While zinc and copper are present in blood at a concentration of approximately 1 ppm 53 in saliva, zinc is present at approximately 0.1–0.2 ppm 53,54 , and copper has been measured to be approximately 2–100 ppb 54 . Incubation with metal ions increases the antifungal properties of the peptide 28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific metallo-protein interactions and antimicrobial activity in Histatin-5, an intrinsically disordered salivary peptide

McCaslin

Pagba

Yohannan

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Histatin-5 (Hst-5) is an antimicrobial, salivary protein that is involved in the host defense system. Hst-5 has been proposed to bind functionally relevant zinc and copper but presents challenges in structural studies due to its disordered conformation in aqueous solution. Here, we used circular dichroism (CD) and UV resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy to define metallo-Hst-5 interactions in aqueous solution. A zinc-containing Hst-5 sample exhibits shifted Raman bands, relative to bands observed in the absence of zinc. Based on comparison to model compounds and to a family of designed, zinc-binding beta hairpins, the alterations in the Hst-5 UVRR spectrum are attributed to zinc coordination by imidazole side chains. Zinc addition also shifted a tyrosine aromatic ring UVRR band through an electrostatic interaction. Copper addition did not have these effects. A sequence variant, H18A/H19A, was employed; this mutant has less potent antifungal activity, when compared to Hst-5. Zinc addition had only a small effect on the thermal stability of this mutant. Interestingly, both zinc and copper addition shifted histidine UVRR bands in a manner diagnostic for metal coordination. Results obtained with a K13E/R22G mutant were similar to those obtained with wildtype. These experiments show that H18 and H19 contribute to a zinc binding site. In the H18A/H19A mutant the specificity of the copper/zinc binding sites is lost. The experiments implicate specific zinc binding to be important in the antimicrobial activity of Hst-5.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific metallo-protein interactions and antimicrobial activity in Histatin-5, an intrinsically disordered salivary peptide

McCaslin

Pagba

Yohannan

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…Lane et al [ 126 ] assessed the effect of zinc supplementation on salivary secretion. Non-COVID-19 subjects (n = 10, female: 50%, age: 17–37 years) orally ingested 15 mg zinc acetate with milk every morning.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatments of COVID-19-Associated Taste and Saliva Secretory Disorders

Tsuchiya

2023

Dentistry Journal

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Since the worldwide spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, treating taste and saliva secretory disorders associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a critical issue. The aim of the present study was to update information on treatments applicable to such oral symptoms and discuss their pathogenic mechanisms. The literature search indicated that different treatments using tetracycline, corticosteroids, zinc, stellate ganglion block, phytochemical curcumin, traditional herbal medicine, nutraceutical vitamin D, photobiomodulation, antiviral drugs, malic acid sialagogue, chewing gum, acupuncture, and/or moxibustion have potential effects on COVID-19-associated ageusia/dysgeusia/hypogeusia and xerostomia/dry mouth/hyposalivation. These treatments have multiple modes of action on viral cellular entry and replication, cell proliferation and differentiation, immunity, and/or SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced pathological conditions such as inflammation, cytokine storm, pyroptosis, neuropathy, zinc dyshomeostasis, and dysautonomia. An understanding of currently available treatment options is required for dental professionals because they may treat patients who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 or who recovered from COVID-19, and become aware of their abnormal taste and salivary secretion. By doing so, dentists and dental hygienists could play a crucial role in managing COVID-19 oral symptoms and contribute to improving the oral health-related quality of life of the relevant patients.

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“…By supplementing with elemental zinc at 68 mg/day (300 mg/day as a zinc L-carnosine complex, Polaprezinc) for 12 weeks, taste sensitivity was significantly enhanced in patients suffering from gustatory dysfunction [ 201 ]. Oral administration of zinc acetate (15 mg zinc/day for 5 weeks) also increased the flow rate of stimulated saliva from parotid glands of adult subjects [ 202 ]. When oral zinc sulfate (300 mg/day for 6 months) was prescribed for patients complaining of oral symptoms, xerostomia and taste disorder was relieved or improved in 57.9% and 72.7% of the patients, respectively [ 155 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gustatory and Saliva Secretory Dysfunctions in COVID-19 Patients with Zinc Deficiency

Tsuchiya

2022

Life

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Given the ever-progressing studies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is critical to update our knowledge about COVID-19 symptomatology and pathophysiology. In the present narrative review, oral symptoms were overviewed using the latest data and their pathogenesis was hypothetically speculated. PubMed, LitCovid, ProQuest, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies from 1 April 2021 with a cutoff date of 31 January 2022. The literature search indicated that gustatory dysfunction and saliva secretory dysfunction are prevalent in COVID-19 patients and both dysfunctions persist after recovery from the disease, suggesting the pathogenic mechanism common to these cooccurring symptoms. COVID-19 patients are characterized by hypozincemia, in which zinc is possibly redistributed from blood to the liver at the expense of zinc in other tissues. If COVID-19 induces intracellular zinc deficiency, the activity of zinc-metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase localized in taste buds and salivary glands may be influenced to adversely affect gustatory and saliva secretory functions. Zinc-binding metallothioneins and zinc transporters, which cooperatively control cellular zinc homeostasis, are expressed in oral tissues participating in taste and saliva secretion. Their expression dysregulation associated with COVID-19-induced zinc deficiency may have some effect on oral functions. Zinc supplementation is expected to improve oral symptoms in COVID-19 patients.

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Zinc concentrations in hair, plasma, and saliva and changes in taste acuity of adults supplemented with zinc

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Specific metallo-protein interactions and antimicrobial activity in Histatin-5, an intrinsically disordered salivary peptide

Specific metallo-protein interactions and antimicrobial activity in Histatin-5, an intrinsically disordered salivary peptide

Treatments of COVID-19-Associated Taste and Saliva Secretory Disorders

Gustatory and Saliva Secretory Dysfunctions in COVID-19 Patients with Zinc Deficiency

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