Zinc and immunity: An essential interrelation

Maares, Maria; Haase, Hajo

doi:10.1016/j.abb.2016.03.022

Cited by 258 publications

(218 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Zinc is an essential micro‐nutrient that catalyses enzyme activity, contributes to protein structure and regulates gene expression . It is also essential for the functioning of the innate and adaptive immune systems . Five per cent of total body zinc is found in the skin, with epidermal concentrations highest in the stratum spinosum .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc and atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Gray

Dhana

Stein

et al. 2019

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Zinc plays a central role in skin integrity via barrier and immune mechanisms and may also be relevant in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). However, little is known about the relationship between zinc and AD. We performed a systematic review to determine (i) the association between zinc levels or zinc deficiency and AD and (ii) the efficacy of oral zinc supplementation in the treatment of AD. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and article references for observational studies on zinc levels or zinc deficiency in participants with AD vs. controls and for randomized control trials (RCTs) on zinc supplementation in AD. For observational studies, we calculated pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) or odds ratios (ORs) along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random effects model. We included 14 observational studies and two RCTs. The pooled SMD demonstrated significantly lower serum (SMD 0.66, 95% CI 0.21–1.10, P = 0.004), hair (SMD 0.95, 95% CI 0.38–1.52, P = 0.001) and erythrocyte (SMD 0.95, 95% CI 0.38–1.52, P = 0.001) zinc levels in participants with AD compared to controls. Pooled unadjusted data from three studies showed a non‐significant increased odds of AD in those with zinc deficiency compared with those without zinc deficiency (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 0.71–3.16, P = 0.28). One RCT of oral zinc supplementation among AD patients with zinc deficiency showed improvement in extent and severity of AD, while another RCT among all AD patients showed no significant improvement. All the studies were of low or moderate quality. We conclude that low serum, hair and erythrocyte zinc levels are associated with AD. However, the poor quality of included studies makes interpretation of these results problematic. High‐quality observational studies are needed to confirm the association between low zinc levels and AD, and RCTs are required to evaluate the merit of zinc supplementation for the treatment or prevention of AD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc and atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Gray

Dhana

Stein

et al. 2019

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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“…Beneficial effects of zinc supplementation were observed in investigations on zinc‐ and Th17‐mediated autoimmune diseases. In mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), moderate zinc doses led to declined Th17‐cell numbers and diminished EAE severity …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of serum interleukin 17 and zinc levels in recalcitrant viral wart

Ghanem

Esawy

Khalifa

et al. 2019

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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Background Warts are benign epithelial proliferations of the skin and mucosa caused by infection with HPV. Low IL‐17 levels may contribute in occurrence, maintenance, severity, and recurrence of different types of cutaneous wart that depend mainly on the cell‐mediated immunity defect. In a majority of the patients, zinc deficiency was associated with persistent, progressive, or recurrent viral warts. A careful dose of oral zinc sulfate may be helpful in the management of such patients. Zn deficiency negatively affects the Th17 cells. IL 6 induced STAT3 activation during chronic inflammation and Th17 development suppressed by Zn via attenuating this activation critically controls Th17‐cell development. Objectives To evaluate the role of interleukin 17 and zinc in recalcitrant warts. Patents and methods All studied patients were subjected to history taking and dermatological examination. The evaluation of serum IL‐17 level was done by ELISA in 25 recalcitrant wart patients and 25 wart patients. The measurement of serum zinc level was determined by colorimetric methods, using Au 480 Beckman coulter chemistry analyzer. Results The results revealed a significant decrease in serum IL‐17 and zinc levels in recalcitrant wart patients. Conclusion Both IL‐17 and zinc deficiency have a role in the pathogenesis of recalcitrant warts through the imbalance of immune system and deficiency of immune cells. There is no significant correlation between serum levels of IL‐17 and zinc, suggesting that they have different mechanisms in affecting the immune system.

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“…It has also been concluded that zinc deficiency resulted in a decrease in blood lymphocyte population and atrophy of spleen and thymus, thus impairing immune system (Fraker and King 1998). Role of zinc in maintaining normal functioning of immune system, its role in specific innate cell types (monocytes/macrophages and natural killer cells) was now an established fact (Haase and Rink 2009;Maares and Haase 2016). Significant reduction in antibody production by spleen cells in copper deficient animals was also recorded (Koller et al 1987).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of mineral supplementation on humoral immunity against rabies vaccine in dog pups

Sarita

Sharma

Singh

et al. 2017

IJAR

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The present study was aimed to determine the effect of a specially formulated mineral supplement in shaping the humoral immune response of dog pups in response to anti-rabies vaccination. Mineral supplement was formulated based on plasma analyzed for macro and micro minerals randomly collected from 226 dogs. Twelve mongrel/non-descript dog pups (3 -6 months) randomly allocated into two groups (n=6) were tested for stimulation of humoral immune system by assessing the antibody titre against rabies vaccine using Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT) and in vivo Mouse Neutralization Test (MNT) for antibody detection post supplementation of formulated mineral supplement upto 28 days. Early and higher antibody titre (>1:4096) was recorded on day seven itself in the group of dog pups fed with formulated mineral supplemented as compared to non-supplemented group. Present study indicated that mineral supplementation prior to the anti-rabies vaccination may elicit quick and high level of protective antibodies. The findings may also be important in the event of post bite immunization, in combination with this mineral supplementation for quick protective antibody response.

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Zinc and immunity: An essential interrelation

Cited by 258 publications

References 95 publications

Zinc and atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Zinc and atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Evaluation of serum interleukin 17 and zinc levels in recalcitrant viral wart

Effect of mineral supplementation on humoral immunity against rabies vaccine in dog pups

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