Background Warts are benign epithelial proliferations of the skin and mucosa caused by infection with HPV. Low IL‐17 levels may contribute in occurrence, maintenance, severity, and recurrence of different types of cutaneous wart that depend mainly on the cell‐mediated immunity defect. In a majority of the patients, zinc deficiency was associated with persistent, progressive, or recurrent viral warts. A careful dose of oral zinc sulfate may be helpful in the management of such patients. Zn deficiency negatively affects the Th17 cells. IL 6 induced STAT3 activation during chronic inflammation and Th17 development suppressed by Zn via attenuating this activation critically controls Th17‐cell development. Objectives To evaluate the role of interleukin 17 and zinc in recalcitrant warts. Patents and methods All studied patients were subjected to history taking and dermatological examination. The evaluation of serum IL‐17 level was done by ELISA in 25 recalcitrant wart patients and 25 wart patients. The measurement of serum zinc level was determined by colorimetric methods, using Au 480 Beckman coulter chemistry analyzer. Results The results revealed a significant decrease in serum IL‐17 and zinc levels in recalcitrant wart patients. Conclusion Both IL‐17 and zinc deficiency have a role in the pathogenesis of recalcitrant warts through the imbalance of immune system and deficiency of immune cells. There is no significant correlation between serum levels of IL‐17 and zinc, suggesting that they have different mechanisms in affecting the immune system.

Background: Acne vulgaris in adult women is a chronic inflammatory disorder of pilosebaceous unit with many relapse cases. It commonly has psychological and social impact that interfere with the quality of life of many patients. Androgenic hormones have a very important role in the pathogenesis of acne. The aim of the study was to establish the relation between 3-alpha diol G levels and acne in female patients with normal androgenic status without menstrual dysfunctions in comparison with controls. Methods: This case control study was carried out at the outpatient clinics of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University. Levels of serum 3alpha diol G were evaluated by ELISA. Results: There was statistical significance increase in the 3-alpha diol G level. Conclusions: The measurement of serum 3-alpha diol G in acne female patients as a diagnostic routine in cases of acne female patients without hyperandrogenism or menstrual dysfunctions is advisable.

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