Zinc, aluminium, tin and Bis-phenol a in canned tuna fish commercialized in Lebanon and its human health risk assessment

Abstract

One of the drawbacks of canning is the migration of various chemicals from the package into the food product. This work aimed at analyzing the concentrations of Bisphenol A (in 137 samples) and heavy metals (in 51 samples) of canned tuna commercialized in Lebanon while evaluating the variability across different brands, packing media, layer, and proximity to the expiry date. Accordingly, BPA was detected in 12 samples out of the 137 samples, run in duplicates. The estimated daily intake of BPA for the selected samples (n = 274) was lower than the tolerable daily intake of BPA, 0.004 mg/kg/day. Therefore, there is no health risk associated with BPA as a result of consuming canned tuna commercialized in the Lebanese market. Besides, the study has shown that 66 samples out of 102 were contaminated with Zn whereas 100% of the samples were contaminated with Aluminum and Tin. However, the calculated Health Risk Index of all the considered heavy metals are all within the safe limits as defined by EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) and Codex Alimentarius.

Investigating microplastics and potentially toxic elements contamination in canned Tuna, Salmon, and Sardine fishes from Taif markets, KSA

“…According to the FAO, the present results estimate Zn concentration lower than the maximum permitted level of Zn in fish, which is 40–50 μg/g [ 55 ]. In agreement with the present results, Al Ghoul et al [ 56 ] detected Zn, Al, and Sn in canned tuna fish commercialized in Lebanon within a limited range. In the present study, Al concentration in all the samples from different manufacturer countries (ranges from 0.8268 ± 0.00 to 5.0092 ± 0.001 ppm), except Sardine Morocco, are within the permissible limits for Al set by FAO/WHO as 60 mg/day.…”

“…In the present study, Al concentration in all the samples from different manufacturer countries (ranges from 0.8268 ± 0.00 to 5.0092 ± 0.001 ppm), except Sardine Morocco, are within the permissible limits for Al set by FAO/WHO as 60 mg/day. In agreement with previous studies, they record Al in canned tuna samples from Lebanon (Al = 4.756 μg/g), Indian (Al = 3.161 μg/g), and Canadian (1.806 μg/g) markets [ 5 , 56 ]. An increase in Al concentration in Sardine Morocco might be due to marine source Al contamination, leaching Al from the metal can, or from can coating liquid containing Al-based additives [ 57 ].…”

Exposure assessment to essential elements through the consumption of canned fish in Serbia

“…Reported levels of Zn in canned sardines are higher than ours from Croatia (18 mg kg -1 ) [22], Turkey (23.267 mg kg -1 ) [24], USA (11.45 mg kg -1 ) [27], and Brazil (16.16-36.09 mg kg -1 ) [28], and lower than ours from Spain (4.329-6.767 mg kg -1 ) [23], and Nigeria (0.09-4.49 mg kg -1 ) [26]. Regarding canned tuna, levels of Zn reported by authors from Turkey (10.802 mg kg -1 ) [24] and Lebanon (7.49 mg kg -1 ) [29] are higher, from Spain (2.27 mg kg -1 ) [23] is lower, and from USA (4.78 mg kg -1 ) [27] is in line with our results. Levels of Fe found in canned sardines by authors from Croatia (19 mg kg -1 ) [22], Turkey [24], Iraq [25] and Brazil [28] are higher (22.162 mg kg -1 , 20-30 mg kg -1 and 20.96-88.83 mg kg -1 , respectively), and from Nigeria [26] (8.04-48.18 mg kg -1 ), and USA [27] (12.7 mg kg -1 ) in line with ours.…”

Assessment of Trace Elements Supply in Canned Tuna Fish Commercialized for Human Consumption in Brazil

“…The Al concentrations (Table 1) are higher than the content reported for canned tuna fish in Lebanon (0.62 mg/130 g) [13] and Turkey (0.70 mg/130 g) [56].…”

“…Although the canning procedure is suitable for preserving food, this does not mean that such food is not subject to chemical elements contamination. Some countries have conducted several studies on canned fish commercialized in local markets, quantifying and monitoring heavy metals and metalloids concentration, and guaranteeing food safety and public health for consumers [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Studies have shown that heavy metals, metals, and metalloids in some canned fish samples [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][20][21][22][23][24] are a factor of concern; some chemical elements are toxic and can harm health.…”