Zinc, Acrodermatitis Enteropathica, and Congenital Malformations

Hambidge, K. Michael; Neldner, Kenneth H.; Walravens, Philip A.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(75)91601-3

Cited by 183 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In severe Zn deficiency in humans arising from acrodermatitis enteropathica, abortions and gross congenital malformations (e.g. anencephaly) have been reported (Hambidge et al 1975). The existence of mild Zn deficiency during pregnancy and its effect on pregnancy outcome is less clear, in part because of difficulties in establishing the existence of marginal Zn status during pregnancy and/or inadequacies in the experimental designs.…”

Section: N F a N C Y A N D C H I L D H O O Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Nutrition in Developing Countries

1994

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Table 1. Zinc?, phytic acidf and [phytate] : [zinc] molar ratios of some foods and composite dishes consumed in Ghana and Malawi Food, and scientific name or recipe Zn Cereals Maize flour, 95 ' YO extraction (Zea mays L.) Maize flour, 65 % extraction Maize bran Maize dough Sorghum flour (Sorghum bicofor (L.) Moench) Rice (Oryza sariva) Ground nuts, boiled (Arachis hypogaea L.) Ground nuts, flour Pigeon peas, fresh (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) Pigeon peas, dry Kidney beans, fresh (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cowpeas, boiled (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Lima beans, fresh (Phaseolus lunatus L.) Bengal beans, fresh (Stizolobium aterrimum Piper & Tracey) Pumpkin leaf (Cucurbita maxima Duch. ex Lam.) Chinese cabbage (Brussica chinensis L.) Okra leaf (Hibiscus esculentus (L.)) Okra (Hibiscus esculentus (L.)) Cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Cocoyam leaves (Xanthosoma sp. Schott.) Amaranth leaves (Amaranth sp. L.) Roots and plantain (boiled) Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Yam (Dioscorea sp. L.) Cocoyam (Xanthosoma sp.) Cassava (Manihot sp.) Cassava dough, fermented Gari: dry fermented cassava, not boiled Plantain, ripe (Musa parudisiaca L.) Plantain, unripe (Musa purudisiaca L.) Water yam (Dioscorea alatu L.) Avocado pear (Persea americana Mill.) Banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) Mango, raw (Mangifera indica L.) Chitumbuwa (mixture of water, maize flour and pounded bananas formed into a round cake and fried in oil) African bread (mixture of water, maize flour and bananas formed into a cake, wrapped in banana leaves and boiled until cooked) African cake (mixture of water, maize flour and sugar baked in tin can)

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Section: N F a N C Y A N D C H I L D H O O Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Nutrition in Developing Countries

1994

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“…Zinc deficiency is associated with intrauterine growth retardation (6), congenital malformations (7), and low birth weight (8), but the effect of iron supplements on systemic zinc metabolism is unclear. Zinc absorption was measured from plasma appearance after a 25-mg dose of oral zinc was given to pregnant women taking 100 mg Fe plus folate or folate alone during the second trimester and was shown to be reduced 24 h after taking either iron plus folate or folate supplement (9), which suggests that iron (or folate or both) may have a deleterious effect on zinc metabolism during pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of high-dose iron supplements on fractional zinc absorption and status in pregnant women

Harvey

Dainty

Hollands

et al. 2007

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background:Women have an increased risk of iron deficiency during pregnancy because of the demands of the developing fetus. Iron supplements are commonly advocated as a prophylactic treatment and are generally taken with meals to reduce side effects, but iron can interfere with the absorption of zinc. Objective: The aim was to determine the effect of consuming an iron supplement (100 mg Fe/d as ferrous gluconate) with meals from 16 wk gestation to term on zinc status and absorption. Design: Stable-isotope techniques were used to measure zinc status (exchangeable zinc pool, EZP) and fractional zinc absorption (FZA) in early and late pregnancy from a meal consumed at a different time from that of iron supplement or placebo consumption in 6 women given iron supplements and 7 given a placebo. Results: FZA increased during pregnancy, independent of iron supplementation. FZA was significantly higher (P 0.001) at week 34 than at weeks 16 and 24, and urinary zinc excretion was higher at week 34 than at week 16 (P ҃ 0.02). The size of the EZP remained unchanged throughout pregnancy and was unaffected by iron supplementation. The iron status of iron-supplemented women was higher than that of the placebo group. Conclusions: In iron-replete pregnant women who consumed a Western diet, no detectable adverse effects on zinc metabolism were observed after ingestion of 100 mg Fe/d. An increase in the efficiency of zinc absorption was observed during late pregnancy.Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:131-6.

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“…These have been reviewed elsewhere (Wharton, 1985) but give conflicting results. In the second trimester the mother should normally be laying down stores of fat in anticipation of later fetal demands (Hytten & Leitch, 1971). Protein-energy undernutrition at this stage as shown by a failure to lay down adequate amounts of fat may compromise later fetal growth (Bissenden et al 1981;Viegas et al 1987).…”

Section: Birth Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food and biological clocks

Wharton

1992

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Zinc, Acrodermatitis Enteropathica, and Congenital Malformations

Cited by 183 publications

References 14 publications

Zinc Nutrition in Developing Countries

Zinc Nutrition in Developing Countries

Effect of high-dose iron supplements on fractional zinc absorption and status in pregnant women

Food and biological clocks

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