Zinc Nutrition in Developing Countries

Gibson, Rosalind S.

doi:10.1079/nrr19940010

Cited by 231 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Unfortunately, the phytic acid, dietary ®bre and polyphenol content of many plant-based complementary foods is high: these dietary components are known to inhibit the absorption of some major and trace minerals (Gibson & Ferguson, 1998). As a result infants in rural areas in developing countries are especially vulnerable to trace mineral de®ciencies, exacerbated by low body stores at birth because of prematurity and/or low birth weight, induced by poor maternal nutritional status during pregnancy (Gibson, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary foods for infant feeding in developing countries: their nutrient adequacy and improvement

Lehrfeld³

1998

Eur J Clin Nutr

224

240

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Objective: To assess the energy and nutrient adequacy of a variety of complementary foods used in parts of Africa, India, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines and Thailand. Method: The energy, nutrient and anti-nutrient (dietary ®bre and phytic acid) content (per 100 g as eaten, per 100 kcal, and per day) of twenty-three plant-based complementary foods consumed in developing countries was calculated from food composition values based on chemical analysis for the trace minerals, non-starch polysaccharide and phytic acid, and the literature. Results were compared with the estimated nutrient needs (per day; per 100 kcal) from complementary foods for infants 9±11 months, assuming a breast milk intake of average volume and composition and three complementary feedings per day, each of 250 g. Results:Complementary foods should provide approximately 25±50% of total daily requirements for protein, ribo¯avin and copper; 50±75% for thiamin, calcium and manganese; and 75±100% for phosphorus, zinc and iron. Most or all appear to meet the estimated daily nutrient needs (per day; per 100 kcal) from complementary foods for protein, thiamin and copper (per day), but not for calcium, iron, and in some cases zinc, even if moderate bioavailability for iron and zinc is assumed. Some of those based on rice are also inadequate in ribo¯avin (per day; per 100 kcal). Conclusions: Even if strategies to improve the bioavailability of iron and zinc are employed, they are probably insuf®cient to overcome the de®cits in calcium, iron and zinc. Therefore, research on the feasibility of fortifying plant-based complementary foods in developing countries with calcium, iron and zinc is urgently required. Sponsorship: This study was supported by the Micronutrient Initiative through the Canadian International Development Agency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary foods for infant feeding in developing countries: their nutrient adequacy and improvement

Lehrfeld³

1998

Eur J Clin Nutr

224

240

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“…Poor bioavailability of micronutrients is also an important factor affecting the quality of the diet (Allen et al, 1991;Gibson, 1994;Murphy et al, 1992). In particular, the absorption of iron and zinc is modified substantially by dietary factors such as phytate and animal protein (FAO= WHO=IAEA, 1996;Wise, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary feeding practices and dietary intakes from complementary foods amongst weanlings in rural Malawi

Hotz

2001

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: The objectives of this study were to estimate the quantity and nutritive quality of the complementary diet in rural Malawi, and to identify feeding practices, nutrients and dietary modifiers of iron and zinc bioavailability that may limit the quality of the diet. Design: This cross-sectional study design included an anthropometric survey, a feeding practices questionnaire, and an interactive, 24 h recall dietary data survey. Setting: Four rural villages in Balaka district, southern Malawi. Subjects: Mothers resident in the study communities with breastfed children aged up to 24 months were eligible. Results: Stunting was prevalent among these weanlings. Maize was the predominant food source, with limited contribution of animal foods. Deficits in dietary energy and several nutrients were found when compared to estimated needs. When expressed per kg body weight, energy intakes appeared adequate. The bioavailability of zinc was low due to a high phytate:zinc molar ratio. Iron bioavailability was also low due to low intake of absorption enhancers such as meat=fish=poultry protein and ascorbic acid. Dietary quality was poorest for 6 to 8-month-old infants. Conclusions: Iron, zinc and calcium were the most limiting nutrients to the quality of the diet, partly exacerbated by the poor bioavailability of iron and zinc. Increased total intake and bioavailability of iron and zinc would improve the complementary diets.

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“…(Cousins and Hempe, 1990). Stimulus such as stress and hormones such as glucocorticoids, catecholamin, glucagon, progesterone, etc, which stimulate hepatic metallothionein synthesis (Golden, 1989;Cousins and Hempe, 1990) (Thauvin et al, 1992;Arnaud et al, 1993;Hollan and Johansen, 1993;Wasowicz et al, 1993 (Malhotra et al, 1990 (Scholl et al, 1992), Zn (Gibson, 1994) and Cu (Hall and Howell, 1969;Keen et al, 1982 (Vaquero and Navarro, 1991) and the extra Zn supply from maternal muscle catabolism due to underfeeding (Masters et al, 1986), in addition to the amounts removed from liver, bone or other organs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between moderate food restriction during pregnancy and Fe, Zn and Cu contents in maternal tissues and foetuses

Vaquero¹,

Navarro²

1996

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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Zinc Nutrition in Developing Countries

Cited by 231 publications

References 123 publications

Complementary foods for infant feeding in developing countries: their nutrient adequacy and improvement

Complementary foods for infant feeding in developing countries: their nutrient adequacy and improvement

Complementary feeding practices and dietary intakes from complementary foods amongst weanlings in rural Malawi

Relationship between moderate food restriction during pregnancy and Fe, Zn and Cu contents in maternal tissues and foetuses

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