Zinc absorption and intestinal losses of endogenous zinc in young Chinese women with marginal zinc intakes

Lei, Sian; Mingyan, X; Miller, Leland V.; Li, Tong; Krebs, Nancy F.; Hambidge, K. Michael

doi:10.1093/ajcn/63.3.348

Cited by 123 publications

(83 citation statements)

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“…Reducing EFZ is believed to be a homeostatic control mechanism to conserve zinc (2,20). The EFZ of 1.68 Ϯ 1.06 mg/d from young Malawian children of this study is greater and has more variability than that seen in studies from more developed settings, where EFZ was found to be 0.99 Ϯ 0.40 mg/d in US children aged 1-4 y (3), 1.08 Ϯ 0.62 mg/d in US girls aged 9 -14 y (6), and 0.66 Ϯ 0.23 mg/d in Chinese children aged 1.5-2 y (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zinc retention in humans is not simply determined by the amount of dietary zinc consumed but also by reabsorption of endogenous zinc secreted into the small intestine. The reabsorption of endogenous zinc from the gut is believed to be a mechanism by which zinc homeostasis is maintained (2). The dual zinc stable isotope test involves administration of different zinc stable isotopes orally and i.v.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Perturbed Zinc Homeostasis in Rural 3–5-y-Old Malawian Children Is Associated With Abnormalities in Intestinal Permeability Attributed to Tropical Enteropathy

et al. 2010

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ABSTRACT:Tropical enteropathy and zinc deficiency are major public health problems worldwide. Tropical enteropathy is characterized by reduced mannitol absorption with normal or increased lactulose absorption when a dual sugar absorption test is administered, the results of which are reported as the lactulose:mannitol ratio (L:M). Zinc homeostasis is quantified with a dual stable isotope test. This study tested the hypothesis that endogenous fecal zinc (EFZ) was correlated with the L:M. A dual sugar absorption test and dual stable isotope test were performed on 25 asymptomatic Malawian children aged 3-5 y at risk for tropical enteropathy and zinc deficiency. EFZ and net zinc retention were estimated and correlated with the L:M. Twenty-two children (88%) had an abnormal L:M (L:M Ͼ0.10), and the L:M was 0.24 Ϯ 0.10 (mean Ϯ SD). EFZ was 1.68 Ϯ 1.06 mg/d, a quantity greater than is seen in healthy populations from the developed world. EFZ was positively correlated with the L:M (r ϭ 0.62, p Ͻ 0.001). Net zinc retention (0.67 Ϯ 1.6 mg/d) was negatively correlated with the L:M (r ϭ Ϫ0.47, p ϭ 0.02). This suggests that perturbed zinc homeostasis is associated with subclinical enteropathy in these children. Z inc deficiency is estimated to account for 4.4% of child deaths worldwide, and one-third of the world's children are at risk for zinc deficiency (1). The morbidity associated with zinc deficiency includes stunting, reduced capacity for physical work, and increased susceptibility to infection. Zinc retention in humans is not simply determined by the amount of dietary zinc consumed but also by reabsorption of endogenous zinc secreted into the small intestine. The reabsorption of endogenous zinc from the gut is believed to be a mechanism by which zinc homeostasis is maintained (2). The dual zinc stable isotope test involves administration of different zinc stable isotopes orally and i.v. and has been used to quantify the primary parameters that determine zinc homeostasis (3). Measurements of total dietary absorbed zinc (TAZ), endogenous fecal zinc (EFZ), and net zinc retention (NZR) have been made using this technique (3-6).Tropical enteropathy is a diffuse villous atrophy of the small bowel associated with inflammatory T cell infiltration (7,8). Tropical enteropathy is a chronic, subclinical condition of unknown etiology, distinguished from acute enteropathies associated with gastrointestinal infections. Changes in stool pattern or consistency are not apparent in children with tropical enteropathy. Tropical enteropathy is associated with stunting of otherwise healthy preschool aged children in developing countries (9). The damage to the normal intestinal architecture is associated with compromised capacity to absorb macronutrients (10). Tropical enteropathy is ubiquitous throughout the developing world, prevalence estimates in communities often exceed 75% (11).The dual sugar absorption test uses the nonmetabolized sugars mannitol and lactulose, which are administered orally and measured in the urine. The urinary lactu...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Perturbed Zinc Homeostasis in Rural 3–5-y-Old Malawian Children Is Associated With Abnormalities in Intestinal Permeability Attributed to Tropical Enteropathy

et al. 2010

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“…Applying a factorial approach, IOM (2001) determined an additional requirement of 2.7 mg/day, considering the highest average daily rate of zinc accumulation by maternal and fetal tissues of 0.73 mg observed during the fourth quarter of pregnancy (Swanson and King, 1987), and an estimated average FAZ of 0.27 (Turnlund et al, 1991;Hunt J et al, 1992;Sian et al, 1996;Fung et al, 1997;Hunt et al, 1998;Miller et al, 1998). EARs of 10 mg/day for pregnant adolescents aged 14-18 years and of 9.5 mg/day for pregnant women were derived, and RDAs were set at 12 mg/day and 11 mg/day, respectively, by adding twice the CV of 10 % to the EARs and rounding to the nearest 1 mg.…”

Section: Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for zinc

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2014

EFSA Journal

198

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Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) derived Dietary Reference Values for zinc, using a two-stage factorial approach and reference values for body weight. The first stage of estimating physiological requirements used studies that had physiologically plausible data, specifically related to faecal excretion of endogenous zinc. Adult physiological requirements were closely related to body size, and sex differences were not detectable after adjustment for body weight. Average Requirements (ARs) for dietary zinc necessary to meet physiological requirements were estimated using saturation response modelling, taking into account the inhibitory effect of dietary phytate on zinc absorption. Estimated ARs and Population Reference Intakes (PRIs) are provided for phytate intake levels of 300, 600, 900 and 1 200 mg/day, which cover the range of mean/median intakes observed in European populations. ARs range from 6.2 to 10.2 mg/day for women with a reference weight of 58.5 kg and from 7.5 to 12.7 mg/day for men with a reference weight of 68.1 kg. PRIs were derived from the zinc requirement of individuals with a body weight at the 97.5 th percentile for reference weights for men and women and range from 7.5 to 12.7 mg/day for women and from 9.4 to 16.3 mg/day for men. ARs for infants from seven months of age and for children were estimated factorially, based on extrapolation from estimates of adult losses plus zinc needs for growth, and range from 2.4 to 11.8 mg/day. PRIs for infants and children were derived by assuming a coefficient of variation of 10 %, and range from 2.9 to 14.2 mg/day. For pregnancy and lactation, additional zinc requirements related to fetal and maternal tissues and transfer of zinc into breast milk, respectively, were considered and additional PRIs of 1.6 and 2.9 mg/day, respectively, were estimated. Zinc has a wide array of vital physiological functions. It has a catalytic role in each of the six classes of enzymes. The human transcriptome has 2 500 zinc finger proteins, which have a broad intracellular distribution and the activities of which include binding of RNA molecules and involvement in proteinprotein interactions. Thus, their biological roles include transcriptional and translational control/modulation and signal transduction. © EuropeanThe majority of dietary zinc is absorbed in the upper small intestine. The luminal contents of the duodenum and jejunum, notably phytate, can have a major impact on the percentage of zinc that is available for absorption. Absorption of zinc by the enterocyte is regulated in response to the quantity of bioavailable zinc ingested. Albumin is the major transporter of zinc in both portal and systemic circulation. Virtually no zinc circulates in a free ionised form, and the majority of total body zinc is in muscle and bone; zinc does not have an identified major storage site. The quantity of zinc secreted into and excreted from the intestinal tract depends on body zinc concentrations,...

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“…It may be that this very weak correlation is indicative of the fact that our subjects had adequate Zn status and thus Zn absorption was not affected by this status. Effectively, Zn absorption is expected to be affected in high or low Zn status where the absorption is modulated to maintain Zn status in narrow values (Johnson et al, 1993;Sian et al, 1996). Moreover, Zn absorption was not significantly correlated with any of Fe or Cu status measured in this study; Fe or Cu status also appeared to be adequate in our subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Impact of micronutrient dietary intake and status on intestinal zinc absorption in late middle-aged men: the ZENITH study

et al. 2005

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Background: Adjustments in intestinal absorption and losses of zinc (Zn) are thought to maintain Zn homeostasis when dietary intake levels are altered. Zn status may also influence efficiency of intestinal Zn absorption. Objectives: To determine the impact of dietary intake and status of some micronutrients on Zn absorption in late middle-aged men. Design and participants: Dietary intake and status of Zn, Cu, Fe, vitamin A, C and fibre, and absorption of Zn were measured in 48 men, aged 58-68 y, confined to a metabolic unit and consuming a typical French diet. Dietary intake was estimated using 4-day food-intake records (including the weekend) and the GENI program. To assess Zn status, serum, erythrocyte, urine Zn levels and serum alkaline phosphatase activity were determined. Zn absorption was determined using the isotope doublelabelling method. Zn stable isotopic ratios were measured in plasma samples collected before and 48 h after isotope administration using ICP/MS. Results: Zn intake within the group of men varied from 5.7 to 20.5 mg/day and averaged 12.9 mg/day. Serum Zn level varied from 10 to 18 mmol/l and averaged 12.9 mmol/l. Zn absorption varied from 12 to 46% and averaged 29.7%. Zn absorption was not significantly (P40.05) correlated with Zn intake or with any of the Zn status parameters. Zn absorption was only slightly negatively correlated with serum and erythrocyte Zn levels and with serum Fe and ferritin levels in this study. Conclusion: Zn dietary intake and Zn absorption were satisfactory and led to an adequate Zn status in this population.

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Zinc absorption and intestinal losses of endogenous zinc in young Chinese women with marginal zinc intakes

Cited by 123 publications

References 16 publications

Perturbed Zinc Homeostasis in Rural 3–5-y-Old Malawian Children Is Associated With Abnormalities in Intestinal Permeability Attributed to Tropical Enteropathy

Perturbed Zinc Homeostasis in Rural 3–5-y-Old Malawian Children Is Associated With Abnormalities in Intestinal Permeability Attributed to Tropical Enteropathy

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for zinc

Impact of micronutrient dietary intake and status on intestinal zinc absorption in late middle-aged men: the ZENITH study

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