Zerumbone-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway in a human lymphoblastic leukemia cell line

Abstract

This investigation evaluated the antileukemia properties of a zerumbone (ZER)-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) prepared by hot high-pressure homogenization techniques in an acute human lymphoblastic leukemia (Jurkat) cell line in vitro. The apoptogenic effect of the ZER-NLC on Jurkat cells was determined by fluorescent and electron microscopy, Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate, Tdt-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay, cell cycle analysis, and caspase activity. An MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay showed that ZER-NLC did not have adverse effects on normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. ZER-NLC arrested the Jurkat cells at G2/M phase with inactivation of cyclin B1 protein. The study also showed that the antiproliferative effect of ZER-NLC on Jurkat cells is through the intrinsic apoptotic pathway via activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol, and subsequent cleavage of poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP). These findings show that the ZER-NLC is a potentially useful treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in humans.

Cytotoxic Effects of Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Murine Cell Lines

“…On the other hand, apoptotic cells with condensed chromatin and affected cell membrane, which resulted in clumps of intense green fluorescent spots within the cell. Similar results to this current study were found by Rahman et al and Namvar et al [ 33 , 34 ].…”

“…These results suggested that ZnO-NPs could block the cell cycle and induce apoptosis and death in WEHI-3 cells time-dependently in vitro . Simultaneously, our results corroborated with those of Rahman et al and Namvar et al [ 33 , 34 ].…”

“…Additionally, ZnO-NPs markedly led to a slight decrease in the percentage of viable cells at 12, 24, and 48 hours of treatment. The result was similar to that of recently studied effects of nanoparticle on a human leukaemia cell lines in vitro done by Rahman et al [ 33 ]. Thus, results suggested that the antiproliferative effect of ZnO-NPs toward WEHI-3 cells was via apoptosis.…”

<p>Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Loading of Natural Plant Extracts and Their Biomedical Applications</p>

“…This work overcame the limitation of applying the CEO to aqueous-based foods. 26 Currently, various novel and innovative NLC have been produced as a carrier to target anticancer functions such as zerumbone, 27 thymoquinone 28,29 and citral 30 and as a worthy drug observably increased antitumor activity in leukemia and breast tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. More examples of compounds loaded NLC are presented in Table 1.…”

Nanoparticles reshape the biomedical industry

“…Application of NLCs in cancer chemotherapy may result in the improved therapeutic index of loaded anti-cancer agents (72). Besides application for tumor targeting, NLCs as sustained-release drug carrier systems have been represented as promising nanoformulations against the ischemic neural injuries, fungal infections, and leukemia (73)(74)(75)(76)(77)(78).…”