Zeolite Structures Loading with an Anticancer Compound As Drug Delivery Systems

Abstract

Two different structures of zeolites, faujasite (FAU) and Linde type A (LTA), were studied to investigate their suitability for drug delivery systems (DDS). The zeolites in the sodium form (NaY and NaA) were used as hosts for encapsulation of α-cyano-4hydroxycinnamic acid (CHC). CHC, an experimental anticancer drug, was encapsulated in both zeolites by diffusion in liquid phase. These new drug delivery systems, CHC@zeolite, were characterized by spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, 1 H NMR, 13 C and 27 Al solidstate MAS NMR, and UV−vis), chemical analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of the zeolites and CHC@zeolite drug deliveries on HCT-15 human colon carcinoma cell line viability was evaluated. Both zeolites alone revealed no toxicity to HCT-15 cancer cells. Importantly, CHC@zeolite exhibit an inhibition of cell viability up to 585-fold, when compared to the non-encapsulated drug. These results indicate the potential of the zeolites for drug loading and delivery into cancer cells to induce cell death. 50 previously reported the preparation of a DDS based in zeolite Y 51 with an anticancer drug and demonstrated its efficacy against 52 colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells in vitro. 22 CRC is the most 53 common type of tumor in Western countries, being men 54 slightly more often affected. 23 Treatment of CRC includes 55 surgery, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy. However, the 56 treatment design depends largely on the cancer stage. Despite 57 the progress made with the introduction of new cytotoxic 58 agents 24−28 and medical practices, survival rates of patients with 59 CRC changed little over the last 20 years, 29 justifying the need 60 for more effective therapies and new drugs. 61 α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHC) is a compound 62 derived from cinnamic acid and is a competitive inhibitor of 63 monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), 30 a protein recently 64 shown to be upregulated in colorectal and other cancers and 65 thus a potential target for cancer therapy. 31−33 Published data 66 demonstrated the cytotoxic and cytostatic effectiveness of 67 CHC, 34,35 both in vitro and in vivo. 36,37 CHC used here in a 68 model of colon carcinoma was chosen as a guest in two 69 different structures of zeolites for drug delivery. Due to their 70 structural properties, zeolites have attracted much research

Study of silver species stabilized in different microporous zeolites

“…There are numerous examples of zeolite applications reported in the literature including the heterogeneous catalysis [1,2], polymer catalytic degradation [3], for processes in magnetic resonance imaging [4], in water treatment by biosorption systems [5] as antibacterial materials [6], sensors [7] and drug delivery systems (DDS) [8].…”

Effect of filler content on morphology and physical–chemical characteristics of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/NaY zeolite-filled membranes

“…For the first 72 h days, it is observed that the PVDF composite samples do not inhibit cell adhesion and promote cell proliferation. So, these PVDF composite renders attractive possibilities for biological and biomedical applications, such as drug delivery [46], cell culture [46] and antibacterial functions [47], among others.…”

Progress in zeolite synthesis promotes advanced applications

“…Moreover, based on the results obtained in various tumor cells and in tumor bearing animals, the zeolites have shown that they can be successfully applied as adjuvants in anticancer therapy. Anticancer drugs have been loaded into the pores of zeolite and have shown a noticeable cytotoxic effect when applied to cancer cells [61,62]. In these works, zeolite Y (FAU), zeolite A (LTA) [61] and zeolite Beta (BEA) [62] were used as hosts for releasing the anticancer drug.…”

“…Anticancer drugs have been loaded into the pores of zeolite and have shown a noticeable cytotoxic effect when applied to cancer cells [61,62]. In these works, zeolite Y (FAU), zeolite A (LTA) [61] and zeolite Beta (BEA) [62] were used as hosts for releasing the anticancer drug. Results showed that zeolites alone reveal no toxicity to cancer cells, while, importantly, anticancer drug-zeolite led to an inhibition of cell viability up to 585-fold when compared to the non-encapsulated drug.…”