Zeolite Composite Materials for the Simultaneous Removal of Pharmaceuticals, Personal Care Products, and Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances in Water Treatment

Licato, James J.; Foster, Gregory D.; Huff, Thomas B.

doi:10.1021/acsestwater.2c00024

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Similarly, on a surface-area-normalized basis, silica sand had the highest sorptive capacity for PFOS compared to goethite, kaolinite, or iron-enriched sand . Others have also observed preferential sorption of PFAS to siliceous zeolite compounds in the absence of OC. , Accordingly, we reject the assumption that organic carbon content can be used as a single predictor variable for PFAS M R (assumption 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…55 Others have also observed preferential sorption of PFAS to siliceous zeolite compounds in the absence of OC. 79,80 Accordingly, we reject the assumption that organic carbon content can be used as a single predictor variable for PFAS M R (assumption 1). S12 and S7, respectively) and eventually yielded the following model )) (eq 3) (r 2 = 0.84, p < 0.001).…”

Section: Retention Of Molecular Cohorts Of Pfas As a Function Of Equi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Mineral–Organic Interactions in PFAS Retention by AFFF-Impacted Soil

Wanzek

Stults

Johnson

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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A comprehensive, generalized approach to predict the retention of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) by a soil matrix as a function of PFAS molecular and soil physiochemical properties was developed. An AFFF with 34 major PFAS (12 anions and 22 zwitterions) was added to uncontaminated soil in one-dimensional saturated column experiments and PFAS mass retained was measured. PFAS mass retention was described using an exhaustive statistical approach to generate a poly-parameter quantitative structure–property relationship (ppQSPR). The relevant predictive properties were PFAS molar mass, mass fluorine, number of nitrogens in the PFAS molecule, poorly crystalline Fe oxides, organic carbon, and specific (BET-N2) surface area. The retention of anionic PFAS was nearly independent of soil properties and largely a function of molecular hydrophobicity, with the size of the fluorinated side chain as the main predictor. Retention of nitrogen-containing zwitterionic PFAS was related to poorly crystalline metal oxides and organic carbon content. Knowledge of the extent to which a suite of PFAS may respond to variations in soil matrix properties, as developed here, paves the way for the development of reactive transport algorithms with the ability to capture PFAS dynamics in source zones over extended time frames.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Retention Of Molecular Cohorts Of Pfas As a Function Of Equi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Mineral–Organic Interactions in PFAS Retention by AFFF-Impacted Soil

Wanzek

Stults

Johnson

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…More research is required to elucidate the rate-determining mechanisms for different PFAAs on CDP granules of different sizes and in the presence of more complex matrix constituents. The challenges encountered and described in this research are broadly relevant as more types of novel adsorbents are being discovered to address PFASs − and other emerging contaminants, , and more techniques to develop defined morphology of novel adsorbents are being explored. − …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Performance of Novel Cyclodextrin Polymer Granules to Remove Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) from Water

et al. 2023

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Cyclodextrin polymers (CDPs) are promising adsorbents for the removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from water. For CDPs to be implemented in packed-bed filtration (PBF) systems, CDP powders must be processed to produce CDP granules of a defined size. In this study, we introduce CDP granules with average particle diameters (d p) of 84–718 μm produced from a CDP powder by means of high-shear spray granulation. We evaluated the performance of the CDP granules in batch studies to evaluate the adsorption kinetics, capacity, and affinity for six perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs). We also performed rapid small-scale column test (RSSCT) experiments for three of the CDP granules (d p = 84, 175, 359 μm) to test whether the assumptions of constant diffusivity (CD) or proportional diffusivity (PD) are appropriate for these CDP granules. We found that CDP granules exhibit slower adsorption kinetics than the CDP powder (rate constants ranging between 0.2 and 2.7 g mg–1 h–1 for all PFAAs and all CDP granules), but that CDP granules of varying sizes exhibit relatively consistent adsorption kinetics. Adsorption capacity (139–479 μmol g–1) and affinity (0.6–149 L mg–1) were relatively constant across CDP granules of varying particle diameters for all PFAAs but adsorption capacity decreased and adsorption affinity increased for longer-chain PFAAs. Data from the RSSCT experiments suggest that neither the assumption of CD nor PD are unequivocally appropriate for CDP granules and that an improved understanding of mass transfer limitations as a function of particle size is essential. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential for novel CDP granules to be implemented in PBF systems for the removal of PFAAs from water.

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“…Wanzek et al demonstrated PFAS adsorption onto saturated soils after only a single application of AFFF at concentrations 1000 times below the mixture’s CMC. Anionic PFAS sorption was attributed to the strong hydrophobicity and exclusion from the aqueous phase and was only poorly correlated with electrostatic attraction to oxalate extractable iron (Fe ox ) and organic carbon (%OC), which is supported in the literature. ,− The sorbent parameters, Fe ox and %OC, were statistically related to the number of nitrogen atoms found in zwitterionic PFAS molecules that possess both positive and negative charges, providing a mechanistic understanding of these structural PFAS features to interactions with charged soil surfaces. ,, Wanzek et al also presented a polyparameter quantitative structure–property relationship (ppQSPR) of PFAS retention in saturated soils of AFFF-impacted source zones for concentrations below CMC. However, the model was developed using AFFF concentrations below CMC and employed a single application of AFFF that would not reveal the potential effect of surfactant–surfactant interactions on PFAS retention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Repeated Aqueous Film-Forming Foams Applications: Impacts on Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Retention in Saturated Soil

Wanzek,

Field,

Kostarelos

2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Historical practices at firefighter-training areas involved repeated aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) applications, resulting in source zones characterized by high concentrations of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Repeated applications of AFFF composed of 14 anionic and 23 zwitterionic perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were conducted on a single one-dimensional saturated soil column to quantify PFAS retention. An electrofluorination-based (3M) Milspec AFFF, which was above the mixture's critical micelle concentration (CMC), was at application strength (3%, v/v). Retention and retardation of PFAS mass increased with each successive AFFF addition, although the PFAS concentration profiles for subsequent applications differed from the initial. Greater degree of mass retention and retardation correlated with longer PFAS carbon−fluorine chain length and charged-headgroup type and as a function of AFFF application number. Anionic PFAS were increasingly retained with each subsequent AFFF application, while zwitterionic PFAS exhibited an alternating pattern of sorption and desorption. Surfactant−surfactant adsorption and competition during repeat AFFF applications that are at concentrations above the CMC resulted in adsorbed PFAS from the first application, changing the nature of the soil surface with preferential sorption of anionic PFAS and release of zwitterionic PFAS due to competitive elution. Applying a polyparameter quantitative structure−property relationship developed to describe sorption of AFFF-derived PFAS to uncontaminated, saturated soil was attempted for our experimental conditions. The model had been derived for data where AFFF is below the apparent CMC and our experimental conditions that included the presence of mixed micelles (aggregates consisting of different kinds of surfactants that exhibit characteristics properties different from micelles composed of a single surfactant) resulted in overall PFAS mass retained by an average of 27.3% ± 2.7% (standard error) above the predicted values. The correlation was significantly improved by adding a "micelle parameter" to account for cases where the applied AFFF was above the apparent CMC. Our results highlight the importance of interactions between the AFFF components that can only be investigated by employing complex PFAS mixtures at concentrations present in actual AFFF at application strength, which are above their apparent CMC. In firefighter-training areas (AFFF source zones), competitive desorption of PFAS may result in downgradient PFAS retention when desorbed PFAS become resorbed to uncontaminated soil.

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Zeolite Composite Materials for the Simultaneous Removal of Pharmaceuticals, Personal Care Products, and Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances in Water Treatment

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Role of Mineral–Organic Interactions in PFAS Retention by AFFF-Impacted Soil

Role of Mineral–Organic Interactions in PFAS Retention by AFFF-Impacted Soil

Evaluating the Performance of Novel Cyclodextrin Polymer Granules to Remove Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) from Water

Repeated Aqueous Film-Forming Foams Applications: Impacts on Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Retention in Saturated Soil

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