Repeated Aqueous Film-Forming Foams Applications: Impacts on Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Retention in Saturated Soil
Thomas A. Wanzek,
Jennifer A. Field,
Konstantinos Kostarelos
Abstract:Historical practices at firefighter-training areas involved repeated aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) applications, resulting in source zones characterized by high concentrations of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Repeated applications of AFFF composed of 14 anionic and 23 zwitterionic perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were conducted on a single one-dimensional saturated soil column to quantify PFAS retention. An electrofluorination-based (3M) Milspec AFFF, which was above the mixture's … Show more
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