Zeolite Catalyzed Transformation of Carbohydrates to Alkyl Levulinates

Saravanamurugan, Shunmugavel; Riisager, Anders

doi:10.1002/cctc.201300006

Cited by 127 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Zeolite beta and its modified versions are known to be effective catalysts for several reactions concerning the valorisation of biomass, e.g. corn fiber to Fur [38]; levuglucosan (an intermediate of (hemi)cellulose pyrolysis) to glucose [39] or Fur [40]; saccharides to Fur [41,42], 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) [42][43][44][45][46][47], or LEs [48,49]; cellulose and hemicelluloses to diesel [50]; hemicelluloses to polyols [51]; C-3 sugar to methyl lactate and lactic acid [52]; FA to 2-(ethoxymethyl)furfural (EMF) and ethyl levulinate (EL) [53]; biodegradable surfactants via acetalisation [54] or etherification of HMF [55]; Fur to GVL [4]; pyrolysis of biomass or derived compounds to aromatic/aliphatic 4 hydrocarbons [56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66]; sugarcane bagasse to bio-oil and upgrading to fuel [67]; co-conversion of biogenic waste and vegetable oil [68]; and pyrolysis of organosolv lignin to phenolic compounds [69,70]. The introduction of different elements into zeolite beta widens its catalytic potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-pot conversion of furfural to useful bio-products in the presence of a Sn,Al-containing zeolite beta catalyst prepared via post-synthesis routes

Antunes

Lima

Neves

et al. 2015

Journal of Catalysis

134

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Aiming at the valorisation of furfural (Fur) via sustainable routes based on process intensification and heterogeneous catalysis, the one-pot conversion of this renewable platform chemical to useful bio-products, namely furfuryl alkyl ethers (FEs), levulinate esters (LEs), levulinic acid (LA), angelica lactones (AnLs) and -valerolactone (GVL), was investigated using a single heterogeneous catalyst, in 2-butanol, at 120 ºC. Various chemical 2 reactions are involved in this process, which requires catalysts with active sites for acid and reduction chemistry. For this purpose, it was explored for the first time the catalytic potentialities of modified versions of zeolite beta containing Al and Sn sites prepared from commercially available nanocrystaline zeolite beta via post-synthesis partial dealumination followed by solid-state ion-exchange. The post-synthesis conditions influenced considerably the catalytic performances of these types of materials. The best-performing catalyst was (Sn) SSIE -beta1 with Si/(Al+Sn)=19 (Sn/Al=27.6), which led to total yield of bio-products of 83% at 86% Fur conversion, and exhibited steady catalytic performance for six consecutive runs. A systematic catalytic study using the prepared catalysts with different bio-products as substrates, together with the molecular level and microstructural characterisation of the materials, helped understand the effects of different material properties on the specific reaction pathways in the overall system. These studies led to mechanistic insights into the reaction network of Fur to the bio-products in alcohol media, upon which a kinetic model was developed for the first time. The superior performance of (Sn) SSIE -beta1 in various steps was related to the dealumination degree, dispersion and amount of Sn-sites, and acid properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-pot conversion of furfural to useful bio-products in the presence of a Sn,Al-containing zeolite beta catalyst prepared via post-synthesis routes

Antunes

Lima

Neves

et al. 2015

Journal of Catalysis

134

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“…However, both levulinic acid and furfuryl alcohol need to be prepared from carbohydrates or biomass firstly, and then need to be purified for synthesis of ethyl levulinate. In addition, there is a third route for synthesis of ethyl levulinate that is to be converted from carbohydrates or biomass directly [14][15][16][17]. This route provides a convenient one-pot reaction to produce ethyl levulinate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Conversion of Carbohydrates into Ethyl Levulinate with Potassium Phosphotungstate as an Efficient Catalyst

Zhao

Chang

et al. 2015

Catalysts

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A series of metal-modified phosphotungstates were prepared and performed for direct synthesis of ethyl levulinate from fructose in ethanol. Considering the cost of catalysts, catalytic activity of catalysts, and easy separation of catalysts together, K-HPW-1 was chosen as the most suitable catalyst for synthesis of ethyl levulinate from fructose. A high ethyl levulinate yield of 64.6 mol% was obtained at 150 °C within 2 h in ethanol. The introduction of low polar toluene as a co-solvent improved the yield of ethyl levulinate to 68.7 mol%. The recovered catalyst remained high activity with the yield of ethyl levulinate converted from fructose above 50 mol% after being used five times. Moreover, the generality of the catalyst was further demonstrated by glucose, sucrose, inulin, and cellulose with ethyl levulinate yielding 14.5, 35.4, 52.3, and 14.8 mol%, respectively.

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“…In 2013, Saravanamurugan et al reported a selective synthesis of methyl levulinate from monosaccharides using several zeolites [38]. As shown in Table 7, as the Si/Al ratio increased, the Brønsted acidity was reduced, and the yield of the desired product was lowered.…”

Section: Production Of Alkyl Levulinates From Carbohydrates Using Hetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Processes for Utilizing Carbohydrates Derived from Algal Biomass

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The high productivity of oil biosynthesized by microalgae has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Due to the application of such oils in jet fuels, the algal biosynthetic pathway toward oil components has been extensively researched. However, the utilization of the residue from algal cells after oil extraction has been overlooked. This residue is mainly composed of carbohydrates (starch), and so we herein describe the novel processes available for the production of useful chemicals from algal biomass-derived sugars. In particular, this review highlights our latest research in generating lactic acid and levulinic acid derivatives from polysaccharides and monosaccharides using homogeneous catalysts. Furthermore, based on previous reports, we discuss the potential of heterogeneous catalysts for application in such processes.

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Zeolite Catalyzed Transformation of Carbohydrates to Alkyl Levulinates

Cited by 127 publications

References 35 publications

One-pot conversion of furfural to useful bio-products in the presence of a Sn,Al-containing zeolite beta catalyst prepared via post-synthesis routes

One-pot conversion of furfural to useful bio-products in the presence of a Sn,Al-containing zeolite beta catalyst prepared via post-synthesis routes

Direct Conversion of Carbohydrates into Ethyl Levulinate with Potassium Phosphotungstate as an Efficient Catalyst

Catalytic Processes for Utilizing Carbohydrates Derived from Algal Biomass

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