"Zeligowski's Mutiny" as a Polish Way to Solve the "Vilnius Problem"

Abstract

The article describes the facts and examines the Polish-Lithuanian territorial dispute of 1919-1920, which occurred during the time of the formation of independent states in Central and Eastern Europe following World War I. The parade of the newly proclaimed states of the Czechoslovak Republic, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Western Ukrainian People's Republic, each of which had territorial claims against its neighbours, created a precedent for a series of frontier military actions. Hungarian-Czechoslovak, Polish-German, Polish-Czechoslovak, Polish-Lithuanian, and Polish-Ukrainian territorial conflicts persisted until 1923, following the signing of the Armistice in 1918. The issue of a territorial dispute between the Second Polish Republic and the Republic of Lithuania over the city of Wilno (Vilnius) and the Vilnius area is explored through the perspective of those historical events. Military actions, including a Polish-inspired "insurrection," continued as a result of a reluctance to follow political agreements and ignore demarcation lines. The goal was to construct a federal state that would act as a deterrent to Russian imperial ambitions in Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine. Lithuania, on the other hand, was rather cautious of the idea of forming a state made up of the lands of "Poland-Lithuania-Belarus-Ukraine," even if the borders favoured the Second Polish Republic. Anticipating the dangers of assimilation and the refusal to accept Lithuania without Vilnius, the Lithuanian government seemed uncompromising in its dealings with Poles yet cordial with Russians. As a result, the Polish federalist project failed.

Digitalization of Education: Save the Human

“…The study was based on a number of principles and theoretical approaches developed in the field of sociohumanitarian knowledge: the cultural-historical theory of the formation of higher mental functions [2], as well as the work of representatives of the cultural-historical school of psychology [3; 4]; outstanding domestic teachers [5]; information society theory [6; 7]; the concept of network generation [8]; anthropology of Russian existentialism [9; 10]; value-oriented approach to the use of digital technologies [11]; studies of domestic and foreign authors on the problems associated with the development of digital technologies [12; 13; 14].…”

El frente de las llamas de difusión en la zona de anclaje en el inyector y en la propagación sobre combustibles sólidos

“…En la capa de mezcla aguas abajo del frente de la llama de difusión, la reacción química ha tenido tiempo de alcanzar el equilibrio químico al ser el tiempo de residencia muy grande frente al químico y, por lo tanto, se puede emplear la aproximación de Burke-Schumann. En este caso, trabajaremos con las variables de Shvab-Zeldovich [91,92] generalizadas por Liñán [93] para el caso en que los números de Lewis Lp y LQ son distintos de la unidad. Estas variables generalizadas se definen como combinaciones lineales de Yp, YQ y 9: Capítulo 6.…”