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Preparation and structural characterization of melamine–methylurea–formaldehyde resin and its blends separately with ethyl cellulose, starch, teakwood, and almond shell powders by 13C NMR, IR, TGA, and SEM techniques

“…Cost‐wise urea is found cheaper than‐ melamine, and reaction‐wise simple, so efforts were made to synthesize melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF) resins on copolymerization of urea, melamine, and formaldehyde, which have been obtained with wide application. Several kinds of physicochemical properties of the polycondansates were tested on molding compounds of MUF 20. In comparison to UF and MF resins, the processing of MUF has been found superior 21, 22.…”

“…Phenol–urea–formaldehyde26 phenol–urea, and melamine–formaldehyde, urea furfuryl alcohol–formaldehyde27, 28 copolycondensate resins are prepared in industries for various applications. But due to the superior quality of resin and simplicity in preparation, the melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF) polycondensates are in use as adhesives for pulpwoods,29–35 IR36 and NMR37–42 spectroscopy have investigated their structures. An enormous studies on MUF,43–47 melamine–formaldehyde,48 melamine–urea, and urea–formaldehyde49 have been conducted in detail, while studies on MMUF resin preparation and its blends with cellulosic items have not been reported.…”