Zearalenone, an Estrogenic Mycotoxin, Is an Immunotoxic Compound

Hueza, Isis Machado; Raspantini, Paulo Cesar Fabricio; Raspantini, Leonila Ester Reinert; Latorre, Andréia Oliveira; Górniak, Silvana Lima

doi:10.3390/toxins6031080

Cited by 166 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Fumonisins in maize and feed are produced predominantly by F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum in many countries including China (Voss et al 2007). Zearalenone is primarily produced by F. graminearum in maize worldwide (Hueza et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors controlling mycotoxin contamination in maize and food in the Hebei province, China

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2016

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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Mycotoxins contaminate maize and thus pose a serious economic and health risk. Despite the prevalence of mycotoxins in maize and other crops, the agricultural management system has not yet been fully implemented in China. Thereby, there is an urgent need to implement management programs to control mycotoxin contamination in maize and maize-based feed. Here, we conducted a survey on the traditional maize production and feed processing practices in the Hebei province. We analyzed the factors of fungal infection and subsequent mycotoxin contamination in maize and feed supply chain and management systems. Our results show that the stored maize samples from local feed mills were heavily contaminated with fumonisin, at 9638 μg/kg on the average, and deoxynivalenol, at 996.3 μg/kg on the average. We also found that more than 75.0 % of the farmers followed good agricultural practices, whereas only 38.1 % of the farmers cared for storage conditions. The main factors for mycotoxin contamination included less strict receiving and inspection criteria, inappropriate storage conditions, and poor processing practices. The critical control points were feed mill receiving, storage, and feed processing. Visual quality, moisture contents, and mycotoxin levels in maize and feed were used as monitoring parameters at critical control points. This is the first study to thoroughly explore traditional maize and feed manufacturing practices adopted by farmers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors controlling mycotoxin contamination in maize and food in the Hebei province, China

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2016

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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“…Equol binds to both estrogen receptor-a and -b, with significant impacts on both estrogen-and androgen-regulated responses, including fertility (111)(112)(113)(114)(115), and has been shown to demonstrate anti-inflammatory properties (116). Similarly, free mycotoxins have both endocrine disruptor and immunomodulatory activity (117)(118)(119)(120)(121), and their masked conjugated forms can be converted to free toxin by fecal microbiota (122,123). Additional external environmental factors with the potential to influence reproduction and disease susceptibility in a seasonally dependent fashion are bedding, particularly corncob-based bedding (99), and water (124)(125)(126)(127), including use of nonacidified vs. acidified water (128)(129)(130), which is used to prevent growth of micro-organisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling month‐season of birth as a risk factor in mouse models of chronic disease: from multiple sclerosis to autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Reynolds¹,

Case²,

Krementsov³

et al. 2017

FASEB j.

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Month-season of birth (M-SOB) is a risk factor in multiple chronic diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), where the lowest and greatest risk of developing MS coincide with the lowest and highest birth rates, respectively. To determine whether M-SOB effects in such chronic diseases as MS can be experimentally modeled, we examined the effect of M-SOB on susceptibility of C57BL/6J mice to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). As in MS, mice that were born during the M-SOB with the lowest birth rate were less susceptible to EAE than mice born during the M-SOB with the highest birth rate. We also show that the M-SOB effect on EAE susceptibility is associated with differential production of multiple cytokines/chemokines by neuroantigen-specific T cells that are known to play a role in EAE pathogenesis. Taken together, these results support the existence of an M-SOB effect that may reflect seasonally dependent developmental differences in adaptive immune responses to self-antigens independent of external stimuli, including exposure to sunlight and vitamin D. Moreover, our documentation of an M-SOB effect on EAE susceptibility in mice allows for modeling and detailed analysis of mechanisms that underlie the M-SOB effect in not only MS but in numerous other diseases in which M-SOB impacts susceptibility.-Reynolds, J. D., Case, L. K., Krementsov, D. N., Raza, A., Bartiss, R., Teuscher, C. Modeling month-season of birth as a risk factor in mouse models of chronic disease: from multiple sclerosis to autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

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“…The immune system, including those immune cells residing in nonlymphoid tissues, is a significant target of EDCs. Perinatal Prenatal exposure elevates postnatal intestinal inflammation; altered human dendritic cell differentiation via histone deacetylase-inhibiting activity [113,114] Vinclozolin Fungicide Mouse Increased risk of macrophage and lymphocyte-driven inflammation in nonlymphoid tissues following embryonic exposure [115] Zearalenone Mycotoxin Rat Thymic atrophy [116] exposure of the immune system can produce long-lasting effects and contribute to an elevated risk of both childhood and adult disease. Significant sex-based differences in immune outcome have been noted for EDCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, exposure to some PCB congeners appears to affect the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma [105]. [106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116]. The categories include products from antimicrobial soap (triclosan), naturally occurring phytoestrogens in food (genistein), antimollusk (tributyltin) and antifungal (vinclozolin) compounds, drugs (valproate), mycotoxins (zearalenone), and industrial organics (acetaldehyde and nonylphenol).…”

Section: Information On Other Edcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Endocrine Disrupters on Immune Function and Inflammation

Dietert¹

2015

Endocrine Disruption and Human Health

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Zearalenone, an Estrogenic Mycotoxin, Is an Immunotoxic Compound

Cited by 166 publications

References 58 publications

Factors controlling mycotoxin contamination in maize and food in the Hebei province, China

Factors controlling mycotoxin contamination in maize and food in the Hebei province, China

Modeling month‐season of birth as a risk factor in mouse models of chronic disease: from multiple sclerosis to autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Effects of Endocrine Disrupters on Immune Function and Inflammation

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