Zakat administration in times of COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: a knowledge discovery via text mining

Abstract

Purpose Zakat during the COVID-19 outbreak has played a vital role and has been significantly discussed in the virtual environment. Such information about zakat in the virtual world creates unstructured data, which contains important information and knowledge. This paper aims to discover knowledge related to zakat administration during the pandemic from the information in a virtual environment. Furthermore, the discussion is contextualised to the socio-economic debates. Design/methodology/approach This is a qualitative study operated via text mining to discover knowledge of zakat administration during the COVID-19 pandemic. The National Board of Zakat Republic of Indonesia (BAZNAS RI) is selected for a single case study. This paper samples BAZNAS RI’s situation report on COVID-19 from its virtual website. The data consists of 40 digital pages containing 19,812 characters, 3,004 words and 3,003 white spaces. The text mining analytical steps are performed via RStudio. The following R packages, networkD3, igraph, ggraph and ggplot2 are used to run the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for topic modelling. Findings The machine learning analysis via RStudio results in the 16 topics associated with the 3 primary topics (i.e. Education, Sadaqah and Health Services). The topic modelling discovers knowledge about BAZNAS RI’s assistance for COVID-19 relief, which may help the readers understand zakat administration in times of the pandemic from BAZNAS RI’s virtual website. This finding may draw the theory of socio-economic zakat, which explains that zakat as a religious obligation plays a critical role in shaping a Muslim community's social and economic processes, notably during the unprecedented times of COVID-19. Research limitations/implications This study uses data from a single zakat institution. Thus, the generalisation of the finding is limited to the sampled institution. Practical implications This research is both theoretically and practically important for academics and industry professionals. This paper contributes to the novelty in performing text mining via R in gaining knowledge about the recent zakat administration from a virtual website. The finding of this study (i.e. the topic modelling) is practically essential for zakat stakeholders to understand the contribution of zakat in managing the COVID-19 impacts. Social implications This work derives a theory of “socio-economic zakat” that explains the importance of a zakat institution in activating zakat for managing socio-economic issues during the pandemic. Thus, paying zakat to an authorised institution may actualise more maslahah (public interest) compared to paying it directly to the asnaf (zakat beneficiaries) without any measurement Originality/value This study is among the pioneers in gaining knowledge from Indonesia’s zakat management during the COVID-19 outbreak via text mining. The authors’ way of analysing data from the virtual website using RStudio can advance Islamic economics literature.

Mining netizen’s opinion on cryptocurrency: sentiment analysis of Twitter data

“…In the recent debates, text mining definition and algorithms involved in its implementation has been equivocally discussed (Hudaefi et al , 2021; Hudaefi and Badeges, 2021; Jiang et al , 2013; Villarroel Ordenes and Zhang, 2019). However, it has been understood as a specialised form of data mining to extract information and discover knowledge from vast amounts of unstructured textual data (Cheerkoot-Jalim and Khedo, 2020; Jiang et al , 2014; Justicia De La Torre et al , 2018; Usai et al , 2018).…”

Zakat Management in the Covid-19 Pandemic Era

“…According to Hudaefi et al (2021) zakat institutions have an important and strategic role to help the government to prevent the Covid-19 considering its position as a philanthropic organization, specifically there are several sectors in which zakat could be donated as some roles. First, the role in the economic sector, Covid-19 slows down the global economic growth which will create new Mustahik potentials.…”

Covid-19 and Sustainable Economic: How Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (Baznas) Sharing and Empowering Society

“…This is because there are still some administrators who lack the awareness to wear masks and health facilities such as first aid kits and hand sanitizer. The importance of implementing the Health protocol as Baznas' contribution in supporting efforts to limit the scale of the spread of the coronavirus outbreak in zakat institutions in administrative management [23].…”