Untitled

Abstract

The biodegradable transdermal penetration enhancer, dodecyl 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)propionate (II; DDAIP), was prepared by reacting dodecyl 2-bromopropionate (I), obtained by reaction of n-dodecanol with 2-bromopropionyl halogenide, with dimethylamine. The penetration enhancing effects of DDAIP on the transport of indomethacin, clonidine, and hydrocortisone across shed snake skin (Elaphe obsoleta) were evaluated. Azone and lauryl alcohol, a possible decomposition product of DDAIP, were used as standard enhancers for comparison. In terms of flux, DDAIP showed 4.7 and 7.5 times the promoting effect for indomethacin compared to azone and lauryl alcohol, respectively. With clonidine this effect was 1.7 and 3.1 times, whereas with hydrocortisone it was 2.4 and 2.8 times higher, respectively. In vitro biodegradability of DDAIP was demonstrated in the presence of porcine esterase. The results indicate that DDAIP increases markedly the transepidermal delivery of several types of drug substances.

Dimethylamino Acid Esters as Biodegradable and Reversible Transdermal Permeation Enhancers: Effects of Linking Chain Length, Chirality and Polyfluorination

“…This synthetic pathway via the bromo esters was more convenient and provided better yields with easy purification of the products in comparison with our previous work starting from dimethylamino acid (20). Solution of dimethylamine in THF provided similar yields but was easier to handle than liquid dimethylamine (6).…”

“…To determine DDAK biodegradability, we used the same porcine esterase method as was applied previously to DDAIP (6), tranexamic acidbased enhancers (16) and Transkarbam 12 (23). However, the conditions for HPLC determination of DDAIP described by Büyütimkin et al (6) were not applicable to DDAK analysis due to its low UV absorption, which limited the sensitivity of the assay. The enhancer concentration was thus determined using HPLC/MS.…”

“…propanoate (DDAIP, NexACT®, Fig. 1), based on the amino acid alanine, is a clinically used biodegradable transdermal permeation enhancer (6). It is effective in promoting the transdermal permeation of several types of drugs by mechanisms including disordering the lipid organization (7)(8)(9), keratin interaction (10) and drug complexation (11).…”

Spectrophotometric and Spectrofluorimetric Methods for the Determination of Tranexamic Acid in Pharmaceutical Formulation

“…[4][5][6][7][8] Various colorimetric methods have reported for determination of tranexamic acid in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid, 9) 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzofurazan, 10) 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, 11) 4-dimethylamino benzaldehyde.…”

Spectrophotometric Determination of Tranexamic Acid in Pharmaceutical Bulk and Dosage Forms

“…Tranexamic acid reduces menstrual blood loss and is a possible alternative to surgery in menorrhagia, and has been used successfully to control bleeding in pregnancy. 2 Several methods have been reported for the determination of tranexamic acid in pharmaceutical formulations: these methods include spectrophotometry, [3][4][5][6] colorimetry, 7 HPLC, [8][9][10][11] liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, 12 atomic absorption spectrometry, 13 gas chromatography 14 and spectrofluorometry. 15 Most of these methods are laborious and costly.…”