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Abstract

In Southern Groundnut Basin of Senegal, weed management is one of the biggest challenges for improving upland rice production. This study aimed to evaluate the systematic composition and the infestation of weed species in order to promote a sustainable management in a context of biodiversity decreasing. Thus, phytosociological surveys were carried out during rainy season in upland rice fields. The results revealed that flora consisted of 62 species distributed in 47 genera and 15 families. The families with the highest species richness were Poaceae (24.2%), Fabaceae (12.9%) and Malvaceae (12.9%) which account for half of recorded species. Biological spectrum analysis showed that the flora is largely dominated by therophytes, with 95% of recorded species. Infestation diagram based on weeds abundance and frequency showed eight groups of species reflecting their degree of infestation. Among them, Digitaria horizontalis, Mariscus squarrosus, and Spermacoce stachydea belonged to major weeds and potential general weeds were potentially the most injurious against upland rice because of their high recovery and frequency. KEYWORDS Abundance Infestation Upland riceWeed

Weed Species Composition in Paddy Field of Usur Town, Bade Local Government, Yobe State, Nigeria

“…In addition, therophytes allocate much of their resources to the reproductive structures and produce flowers early in their life cycle to ensure some seed production even in a year when the growing season is cut short due to the application of weed management techniques; also therophytes are able to set seeds without a pollinating agent. This is consistent with the work of Samba [14] on his work taxonomic diversity and abundance of weed flora in upland rice fields of the southern groundnut Basin, Senegal. The weed flora is largely dominated by therophytes which include 95% of the recorded species; According to Bourgeois et al [28] therophytes were the mostly weeds because of some adaptability among the higher specific leaf area, earlier and longer flowering, sunny and dry environment.…”

“…The study is also consistent with the works of Ekeke et al [21] who obtained the Poaceae family as the highest species composition of 72 species. Samba [14] also reported that the Poaceae family was the most represented family with the highest species (24.2%); Poaceae are known to be the dominant family in most Sudan Savanna vegetation types due to their mode of dispersal. The success traits of poaceae result from their tolerance of grazing herbivory and fire, their varied means of reproduction and their versatility in photosynthesis.…”

“…Data analysis of collected and identified weeds (Figure 1) was organized according to the classification systems established in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III Guidelines (APG III, 2009) and African Plant Data Base [14] .…”

“…In 2018, rice paddy production in Nigeria increased from 325,000 tons in 1969 to 6.81 million tons 2018 growing at an average annual rate of 8.76% [13] . Samba [14] stated that, poverty does not allow farmers to widely use the herbicide for weed control because of their high cost, therefore weed infestation is an important agronomic constraint, and successful weed control is essential for improving crop production. Rice yield losses caused by weeds depend on species composition, density and duration of infestation including the associated environmental conditions such as pH and salinity that may vary according to locations [15] .…”

Paddy Weeds as a Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Health and Illness

“…The identified weed species were organized using classification established in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG), the classifications of specimen were based on orders and families of flowering plants and African Plant Data Base [30,31]. All identified fresh and plant pressed specimens were used to conduct an oral interview with traditional medicine vendors and local community to acquaint us with their medicinal uses.…”