Z-dependence of photon interactions in multi-element materials

Radioactivity Control of Composite Materials Using Low Energy Photon Radiation

“…It should be mentioned, however, that the theoretical determination of Z eff does not always coincide with the experimental results (Manninen, Pitkänen et al 1984;Duvauchelle, Peix et al 1999). The dependence of the coherent and incoherent scattering ratio ⁄ of the γ-radiation beams on the atomic number Z of the element, the scattering angles and the energy Eγ of radiation in the sample, can be obtained from relation (26), (Karellas, Leichter et al 1983;Manninen, Pitkänen et al 1984;Perumallu, Rao et al 1985;Duvauchelle, Peix et al 1999).…”

“…It is known (Karellas, Leichter et al 1983;Manninen and Koikkalainen 1984;Gigante, Pedraza et al 1985;Leichter, Karellas et al 1985;Perumallu, Rao et al 1985;Duvauchelle, Peix et al 1999), that the value of exponent n for large scattering angles is: n=3. The determination of Z eff from the ratio ⁄ depends on the separation of the spectrum lines of the coherently and incoherently scattered γ-quanta.…”

“…Considering three main mechanisms of interaction, mass attenuation coefficient of low energy γ-radiation in matter is the sum of (Perumallu, Rao et al 1985;Bhandal and Singh 1993;Manohara and Hanagodimath 2007)…”

“…The effective atomic number and the other parameters are independent from energy (Perumallu, Rao et al 1985). The values of numbers n, m depend from the type of process.…”

“…Based on the angular frequencies of incident photons and scattered photons the Klein-Nishina formula is approximated by the relation (Manninen, Pitkänen et al 1984;Perumallu, Rao et al 1985): …”